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PNS > Quiz 6: Sympathetics > Flashcards

Quiz 6: Sympathetics Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic cell bodies are located in:

A

Lateral horn of T1-L2 or L3 cord levels

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2
Q

Sympathetics exit the cord via:

A

Anterior rootlets

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3
Q

Most sympathetics synapse on:

A

Postganglionic cells in ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

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4
Q

Preganglionic fibers release:

A

Acetylcholine

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5
Q

The sympathetic trunk consists of how many paravertebral columns of interconnected ganglia?

A

Two

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6
Q

The sympathetic trunk extends from the superior cervical ganglion inferior to where?

A

Ganglion impar

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7
Q

Fusion of the highest/first thoracic and the lowest/last cervical ganglion forms:

A

Stellate ganglion

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8
Q

How many ganglia are in each trunk?

A

21 or 22 (3 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 lumbar and 4 sacral)

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9
Q

In the cervical area, the sympathetic trunk is located posterior to which structure?

A

Carotid sheath

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10
Q

In the upper thoracic area, the sympathetic trunk is located anterior to which structure?

A

Necks of the ribs

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11
Q

The cervical sympathetic trunk lies between the carotid sheath and which muscles?

A

Longus colli and capitis muscles

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12
Q

How many white rami communicans are located in the cervical sympathetic trunk? Gray rami communicans?

A

No white rami communicans; Gray rami communicans for each cervical nerve

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13
Q

Which cervical ganglion fuses with the first thoracic ganglion to form a stellate ganglion?

A

Inferior cervical ganglion

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14
Q

Which cervical ganglion contains cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetics?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

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15
Q

Which cervical ganglion is the largest?

A

Superior CG

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16
Q

The superior cervical ganglion is located at which cord levels?

A

C2-C3

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17
Q

The SCG is located between the carotid sheath and which muscle?

A

Longus capitis muscle

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18
Q

Lateral branches of the SCG communicate with anterior primary rami of _____, as well as which cranial nerves?

A

C1-C4; CN 9, 10 and 12

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19
Q

Medial branches of the SCG travel to which organs?

A

Larynx, pharynx and the heart

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20
Q

Which branch of the SCG contains gray rami communicans?

A

Lateral branches

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21
Q

Which branch of the SCG carries efferent information only?

A

Medial branches

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22
Q

Anterior branches of the SCG follow which arteries?

A

Common and external carotid

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23
Q

Which branch of the SCG supplies blood to structures inside and outside of the skull?

A

Anterior branches

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24
Q

Which cervical ganglion is the smallest?

A

Middle CG

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25
Q

The MCG is located at which cord level?

A

C6

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26
Q

The MCG communicates with anterior primary rami of _____ via ______.

A

C5 and C6; gray rami communicans

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27
Q

Which cervical ganglion communicates with the thyroid?

A

Middle CG

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28
Q

Cardiac branches of the MCG contribute to:

A

Deep part of the cardiac plexus

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29
Q

Where does the inferior cervical ganglion lie?

A

C7 transverse process and neck of the first rib

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30
Q

The ICG communicates with anterior primary rami of _____ via _____.

A

C7 and C8 via gray rami communicans

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31
Q

Superior cardiac nerves come from which cervical ganglion?

A

SCG (medial branches)

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32
Q

Inferior cardiac nerves come from which cervical ganglion?

A

ICG (cardiac branches)

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33
Q

Branches from the ICG are sent to which structure?

A

Subclavian artery

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34
Q

Which cervical ganglion has branches that are sent to the axillary and vertebral arteries?

A

ICG

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35
Q

How many gray and white rami communicans are associated with thoracic nerves?

A

Each thoracic nerve has a gray and white ramus communicans

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36
Q

In the superior thorax, ganglia are located _____, while in the lower part of the thorax, ganglia are located _____.

A

Upper: Anterior to the rib heads
Lower: Lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies

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37
Q

Branches from the upper five thoracic ganglia travel _____ and carry what fibers?

A

Medially; postganglionic fibers and visceral afferents

38
Q

Which nerves are associated with the lower seven segments of the thoracic trunk?

A

Splanchnic nerves

39
Q

Splanchnic nerves carry _____ fibers to plexuses where?

A

Preganglionic fibers; abdominal and pelvic cavities

40
Q

The greater splanchnic nerve is formed from _____ and terminates in the _____.

A

5th-9th ganglia; Celiac ganglion

41
Q

The lesser splanchnic nerve is formed from _____ and terminates in the _____.

A

9th and 10th or 10th and 11th ganglia; aorticorenal ganglion

42
Q

The least splanchnic nerve is formed by fibers from _____ and terminates in the _____.

A

12th ganglion; renal plexus

43
Q

In which structure does the lumbar sympathetic trunk lie?

A

Retroperitoneal space (on lateral aspect of lumbar VBs)

44
Q

Which lumbar ganglia have a white ramus communicans? Gray rami communicans?

A

The first two, and sometimes the third; All lumbar ganglia have a gray ramus communicans

45
Q

Lumbar splanchnic nerves carry ____ to the plexus surrounding the abdominal aorta.

A

Preganglionic axons

46
Q

The sacral sympathetic trunk lies:

A

On the anterior aspect of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina

47
Q

How many white and gray rami communicans are present in the sacral sympathetic trunk?

A

Each sacral nerve has a gray rami communicans; No white rami communicans

48
Q

Preganglionic axons travel from which cord levels to enter the sympathetic trunk?

A

T1-L2

49
Q

True/False: Preganglionic axons ascend from T1-T5 and descend from T5-L2.

A

True

50
Q

Axons that carry information that will be relayed to the head and neck are carried in which nerves?

A

T1 and T2

51
Q

Axons that influence the heart arise from which cord levels?

A

T1-T4

52
Q

Axons that influence the lungs leave the cord in which nerves?

A

T2-T4

53
Q

Preganglionic fibers carried from T3-T7 will influence:

A

Upper extremities

54
Q

T3-T7 nerves will ascend and synapse where?

A

MCG and ICG/stellate ganglia

55
Q

Fibers that influence the abdominal viscera arise from _____ and will synapse _____.

A

T5-T12 levels; Lower thoracic ganglia or pass through the sympathetic trunk to be carried by greater/lesser/least splanchnic nerves

56
Q

Pelvic viscera is influenced by fibers from _____.

A

T10-L2

57
Q

Preganglionic fibers carrying information for the lower extremities are carried in the _____ levels and synapse ______.

A

T10-L2 (same as pelvic viscera); synapse in L2-S4 ganglia

58
Q

In which ways are fibers carried from the sympathetic trunk?

A

Nerves, BVs and direct branches

59
Q

True/False: Virtually all nerves carry postganglionic sympathetic fibers.

A

True

60
Q

Direct branches to the viscera likely will have what effects?

A

Constrict BVs, dilate the bronchial tree, stimulate glandular secretion, dilate the pupils and inhibit digestive activity

61
Q

The superior cervical ganglia sends branches to which cranial nerves?

A

9 (glossopharyngeal), 10 (vagus) and 12 (hypoglossal)

62
Q

The internal carotid nerve is a branch of which cervical ganglia?

A

SCG

63
Q

Which plexus is formed by the lateral internal carotid nerve?

A

Internal carotid plexus

64
Q

Which plexus is formed by the medial internal carotid nerve?

A

Cavernous plexus

65
Q

The lateral internal carotid nerve communicates with which cranial nerves?

A

5 (trigeminal ganglion), 6 (abducens), 7 (deep petrosal nerve –> branch of facial nerve) and 9 (glossopharyngeal)

66
Q

Which nerves combine with the tympanic branch of CNIX to form the tympanic plexus?

A

Caroticotympanic nerves

67
Q

Caroticotympanic nerves form the tympanic plexus and supply glands and blood vessels to the:

A

Middle ear

68
Q

The medial internal carotid nerve communicates with which cranial nerves?

A

2 (ciliary ganglion to eyeball), 3 (occulomotor), 4 (trochlear) and 5 (ophthalmic division of trigeminal)

69
Q

Which cranial nerve communicates with both branches of the internal carotid nerve?

A

CNV

70
Q

Which branch of the internal carotid nerve communicates with the pituitary gland?

A

Medial internal carotid nerve

71
Q

Branches that come from the SCG and form the pharyngeal plexus along with fibers from CNIX and X are called:

A

Laryngeopharyngeal branches

72
Q

Laryngeopharyngeal branches combine with which cranial nerves to form the pharyngeal plexus?

A

CNIX (glossopharyngeal) and CNX (Vagus)

73
Q

Cardiac branches accompany branches from which cranial nerve through the cardiac plexus?

A

CNX (Vagus)

74
Q

Cardiac branches, accompanied by CNX, travel through the cardiac plexus to which structure?

A

Sinoatrial node

75
Q

Laryngeopharyngeal branches come from which cervical ganglion?

A

SCG

76
Q

Cardiac branches come from which cervical ganglia?

A

All of them

77
Q

Branches from which sympathetic trunk supply the arrector pili?

A

Thoracic, lumbar and sacral

78
Q

Which thoracic ganglia send postganglionic fibers to the thoracic aorta?

A

T1-T5

79
Q

Cardiac branches in the thoracic trunk extend to the heart from which levels?

A

T2-T4 ganglia

80
Q

Pulmonary branches are emitted from which levels?

A

T2-T4 (same as heart)

81
Q

Which branches supply the pleura, smooth muscle and BVs of the lungs and bronchial glands?

A

Pulmonary branches of the thoracic trunk

82
Q

Fibers from which nerve supply the esophagus and thoracic aorta above the diaphragm?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

83
Q

Fibers from which nerve supply the suprarenal glands?

A

Lesser splanchnic nerve (T9-T10/T11)

84
Q

Fibers from which nerve contains postganglionic fibers that reach the kidneys through the renal plexus?

A

Least splanchnic nerve (T12)

85
Q

Which sympathetic trunk does not supply the arrector pili?

A

Cervical

86
Q

The lumbar sympathetic trunk gives vascular branches that follow the abdominal aorta as far as which arteries?

A

Median sacral artery and common iliac arteries

87
Q

Lumbar splanchnic nerves supply pelvic viscera via which plexuses?

A

Superior and inferior hypogastric plexus and the inferior mesenteric plexus

88
Q

Sacral splanchnic nerves supply pelvic viscera via which plexus?

A

Inferior mesenteric plexus

89
Q

Fibers supplying which structures pass directly through the areas supplied by the sacral splanchnic nerves?

A

Ureters and rectum

90
Q

Lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves supply pelvic viscera via which plexus?

A

Inferior mesenteric plexus (lumbar splanchnics also supply PV vis superior/inferior hypogastric plexus)

PNS (6 decks)

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