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PNS > Quiz 6: Sympathetics > Flashcards

Quiz 6: Sympathetics Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic cell bodies are located in:

A

Lateral horn of T1-L2 or L3 cord levels

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2
Q

Sympathetics exit the cord via:

A

Anterior rootlets

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3
Q

Most sympathetics synapse on:

A

Postganglionic cells in ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

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4
Q

Preganglionic fibers release:

A

Acetylcholine

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5
Q

The sympathetic trunk consists of how many paravertebral columns of interconnected ganglia?

A

Two

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6
Q

The sympathetic trunk extends from the superior cervical ganglion inferior to where?

A

Ganglion impar

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7
Q

Fusion of the highest/first thoracic and the lowest/last cervical ganglion forms:

A

Stellate ganglion

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8
Q

How many ganglia are in each trunk?

A

21 or 22 (3 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 lumbar and 4 sacral)

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9
Q

In the cervical area, the sympathetic trunk is located posterior to which structure?

A

Carotid sheath

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10
Q

In the upper thoracic area, the sympathetic trunk is located anterior to which structure?

A

Necks of the ribs

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11
Q

The cervical sympathetic trunk lies between the carotid sheath and which muscles?

A

Longus colli and capitis muscles

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12
Q

How many white rami communicans are located in the cervical sympathetic trunk? Gray rami communicans?

A

No white rami communicans; Gray rami communicans for each cervical nerve

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13
Q

Which cervical ganglion fuses with the first thoracic ganglion to form a stellate ganglion?

A

Inferior cervical ganglion

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14
Q

Which cervical ganglion contains cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetics?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

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15
Q

Which cervical ganglion is the largest?

A

Superior CG

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16
Q

The superior cervical ganglion is located at which cord levels?

A

C2-C3

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17
Q

The SCG is located between the carotid sheath and which muscle?

A

Longus capitis muscle

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18
Q

Lateral branches of the SCG communicate with anterior primary rami of _____, as well as which cranial nerves?

A

C1-C4; CN 9, 10 and 12

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19
Q

Medial branches of the SCG travel to which organs?

A

Larynx, pharynx and the heart

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20
Q

Which branch of the SCG contains gray rami communicans?

A

Lateral branches

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21
Q

Which branch of the SCG carries efferent information only?

A

Medial branches

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22
Q

Anterior branches of the SCG follow which arteries?

A

Common and external carotid

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23
Q

Which branch of the SCG supplies blood to structures inside and outside of the skull?

A

Anterior branches

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24
Q

Which cervical ganglion is the smallest?

A

Middle CG

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25
The MCG is located at which cord level?
C6
26
The MCG communicates with anterior primary rami of _____ via ______.
C5 and C6; gray rami communicans
27
Which cervical ganglion communicates with the thyroid?
Middle CG
28
Cardiac branches of the MCG contribute to:
Deep part of the cardiac plexus
29
Where does the inferior cervical ganglion lie?
C7 transverse process and neck of the first rib
30
The ICG communicates with anterior primary rami of _____ via _____.
C7 and C8 via gray rami communicans
31
Superior cardiac nerves come from which cervical ganglion?
SCG (medial branches)
32
Inferior cardiac nerves come from which cervical ganglion?
ICG (cardiac branches)
33
Branches from the ICG are sent to which structure?
Subclavian artery
34
Which cervical ganglion has branches that are sent to the axillary and vertebral arteries?
ICG
35
How many gray and white rami communicans are associated with thoracic nerves?
Each thoracic nerve has a gray and white ramus communicans
36
In the superior thorax, ganglia are located _____, while in the lower part of the thorax, ganglia are located _____.
Upper: Anterior to the rib heads Lower: Lateral aspects of the vertebral bodies
37
Branches from the upper five thoracic ganglia travel _____ and carry what fibers?
Medially; postganglionic fibers and visceral afferents
38
Which nerves are associated with the lower seven segments of the thoracic trunk?
Splanchnic nerves
39
Splanchnic nerves carry _____ fibers to plexuses where?
Preganglionic fibers; abdominal and pelvic cavities
40
The greater splanchnic nerve is formed from _____ and terminates in the _____.
5th-9th ganglia; Celiac ganglion
41
The lesser splanchnic nerve is formed from _____ and terminates in the _____.
9th and 10th or 10th and 11th ganglia; aorticorenal ganglion
42
The least splanchnic nerve is formed by fibers from _____ and terminates in the _____.
12th ganglion; renal plexus
43
In which structure does the lumbar sympathetic trunk lie?
Retroperitoneal space (on lateral aspect of lumbar VBs)
44
Which lumbar ganglia have a white ramus communicans? Gray rami communicans?
The first two, and sometimes the third; All lumbar ganglia have a gray ramus communicans
45
Lumbar splanchnic nerves carry ____ to the plexus surrounding the abdominal aorta.
Preganglionic axons
46
The sacral sympathetic trunk lies:
On the anterior aspect of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina
47
How many white and gray rami communicans are present in the sacral sympathetic trunk?
Each sacral nerve has a gray rami communicans; No white rami communicans
48
Preganglionic axons travel from which cord levels to enter the sympathetic trunk?
T1-L2
49
True/False: Preganglionic axons ascend from T1-T5 and descend from T5-L2.
True
50
Axons that carry information that will be relayed to the head and neck are carried in which nerves?
T1 and T2
51
Axons that influence the heart arise from which cord levels?
T1-T4
52
Axons that influence the lungs leave the cord in which nerves?
T2-T4
53
Preganglionic fibers carried from T3-T7 will influence:
Upper extremities
54
T3-T7 nerves will ascend and synapse where?
MCG and ICG/stellate ganglia
55
Fibers that influence the abdominal viscera arise from _____ and will synapse _____.
T5-T12 levels; Lower thoracic ganglia or pass through the sympathetic trunk to be carried by greater/lesser/least splanchnic nerves
56
Pelvic viscera is influenced by fibers from _____.
T10-L2
57
Preganglionic fibers carrying information for the lower extremities are carried in the _____ levels and synapse ______.
T10-L2 (same as pelvic viscera); synapse in L2-S4 ganglia
58
In which ways are fibers carried from the sympathetic trunk?
Nerves, BVs and direct branches
59
True/False: Virtually all nerves carry postganglionic sympathetic fibers.
True
60
Direct branches to the viscera likely will have what effects?
Constrict BVs, dilate the bronchial tree, stimulate glandular secretion, dilate the pupils and inhibit digestive activity
61
The superior cervical ganglia sends branches to which cranial nerves?
9 (glossopharyngeal), 10 (vagus) and 12 (hypoglossal)
62
The internal carotid nerve is a branch of which cervical ganglia?
SCG
63
Which plexus is formed by the lateral internal carotid nerve?
Internal carotid plexus
64
Which plexus is formed by the medial internal carotid nerve?
Cavernous plexus
65
The lateral internal carotid nerve communicates with which cranial nerves?
5 (trigeminal ganglion), 6 (abducens), 7 (deep petrosal nerve --> branch of facial nerve) and 9 (glossopharyngeal)
66
Which nerves combine with the tympanic branch of CNIX to form the tympanic plexus?
Caroticotympanic nerves
67
Caroticotympanic nerves form the tympanic plexus and supply glands and blood vessels to the:
Middle ear
68
The medial internal carotid nerve communicates with which cranial nerves?
2 (ciliary ganglion to eyeball), 3 (occulomotor), 4 (trochlear) and 5 (ophthalmic division of trigeminal)
69
Which cranial nerve communicates with both branches of the internal carotid nerve?
CNV
70
Which branch of the internal carotid nerve communicates with the pituitary gland?
Medial internal carotid nerve
71
Branches that come from the SCG and form the pharyngeal plexus along with fibers from CNIX and X are called:
Laryngeopharyngeal branches
72
Laryngeopharyngeal branches combine with which cranial nerves to form the pharyngeal plexus?
CNIX (glossopharyngeal) and CNX (Vagus)
73
Cardiac branches accompany branches from which cranial nerve through the cardiac plexus?
CNX (Vagus)
74
Cardiac branches, accompanied by CNX, travel through the cardiac plexus to which structure?
Sinoatrial node
75
Laryngeopharyngeal branches come from which cervical ganglion?
SCG
76
Cardiac branches come from which cervical ganglia?
All of them
77
Branches from which sympathetic trunk supply the arrector pili?
Thoracic, lumbar and sacral
78
Which thoracic ganglia send postganglionic fibers to the thoracic aorta?
T1-T5
79
Cardiac branches in the thoracic trunk extend to the heart from which levels?
T2-T4 ganglia
80
Pulmonary branches are emitted from which levels?
T2-T4 (same as heart)
81
Which branches supply the pleura, smooth muscle and BVs of the lungs and bronchial glands?
Pulmonary branches of the thoracic trunk
82
Fibers from which nerve supply the esophagus and thoracic aorta above the diaphragm?
Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)
83
Fibers from which nerve supply the suprarenal glands?
Lesser splanchnic nerve (T9-T10/T11)
84
Fibers from which nerve contains postganglionic fibers that reach the kidneys through the renal plexus?
Least splanchnic nerve (T12)
85
Which sympathetic trunk does not supply the arrector pili?
Cervical
86
The lumbar sympathetic trunk gives vascular branches that follow the abdominal aorta as far as which arteries?
Median sacral artery and common iliac arteries
87
Lumbar splanchnic nerves supply pelvic viscera via which plexuses?
Superior and inferior hypogastric plexus and the inferior mesenteric plexus
88
Sacral splanchnic nerves supply pelvic viscera via which plexus?
Inferior mesenteric plexus
89
Fibers supplying which structures pass directly through the areas supplied by the sacral splanchnic nerves?
Ureters and rectum
90
Lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves supply pelvic viscera via which plexus?
Inferior mesenteric plexus (lumbar splanchnics also supply PV vis superior/inferior hypogastric plexus)

PNS (6 decks)

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