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PNS > Exam III > Flashcards

Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

The brachial plexus is formed by:

A

Anterior primary rami of C5-T1 (May also receive some fibers from C4 and T2)

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2
Q

Over which rib does the brachial plexus travel?

A

Laterally over rib 1, into the axilla

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3
Q

Roots combine to form:

A

Trunks

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4
Q

Trunks combine to form:

A

Divisions

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5
Q

Divisions combine to form:

A

Cords

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6
Q

Cords divide into:

A

Terminal nerves

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7
Q

True/False: Each root receives a gray ramus communicans from sympathetic trunk.

A

True

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8
Q

Between which two muscles do roots pass between into the posterior triangle?

A

Anterior and middle scalene muscles (NOT posterior scalene!)

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9
Q

Roots travel posterior and superior to this structure.

A

Subclavian artery

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10
Q

Roots at which cord levels combine to form the inferior trunk?

A

C8 and T1

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11
Q

The root of C7 stays alone to become the:

A

Middle trunk

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12
Q

The superior trunk is formed by which root(s)?

A

C5 and C6

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13
Q

Which divisions do each trunk split into?

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

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14
Q

How are cords named?

A

For relationship to the axillary artery

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15
Q

The anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks form the:

A

Lateral cord

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16
Q

The medial cord is formed by:

A

Anterior division of the inferior trunk

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17
Q

The union of the posterior division of all three trunks forms the:

A

Posterior cord

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18
Q

The posterior cord is formed by:

A

The union of the posterior division of all three trunks

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19
Q

The lateral cord contains fibers from:

A

C5-C7

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20
Q

The lateral, medial and posterior cords lie in their respective area to which part of the axillary artery?

A

Second part

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21
Q

The medial cord contains fibers from:

A

C8 and T1

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22
Q

The posterior cord contains fibers from:

A

C5-T1 (whole plexus!)

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23
Q

Which nerve contains fibers from ONLY C5?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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24
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve contains fibers from:

A

C5

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25
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve supplies which muscles?

A

Levator scapula and both rhomboids

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26
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve supplies which muscle that also receives fibers from C3 and C4?

A

Levator scapula

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27
Q

The long thoracic nerve is formed from the roots of:

A

C5-C7

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28
Q

Which muscle is supplied by the long thoracic nerve?

A

Serratus anterior

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29
Q

Which nerves are supplied by the roots of C5-C7?

A

Long thoracic, lateral pectoral nerve, and musculocutaneous nerve

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30
Q

Which of the following does NOT contain fibers from the roots of C5-C7?

A. Musculocutaneous n.
B. Long thoracic n.
C. Medial pectoral n.
D. Lateral pectoral n.
E. All contain fibers from C5-C7
A

C. Medial pectoral nerve (C8 and T1)

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31
Q

Which nerves branch off of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Suprascapular and nerve to the subclavius

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32
Q

The suprascapular nerve contains fibers from:

A

C5 and C6

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33
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the suprascapular nerve?

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

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34
Q

The nerve to the subclavius contains fibers from _____ and supplies which muscle?

A

C5 and C6; subclavius

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35
Q

Which nerves branch off of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral pectoral and musculocutaneous nerves (as well as another terminal branch that contributes to the median nerve)

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36
Q

The lateral pectoral nerve contains fibers from:

A

C5-C7

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37
Q

Which muscle(s) is/are supplied by the lateral pectoral nerve?

A

Pectoralis major

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38
Q

Which muscle is supplied by both medial and lateral pectoral nerves?

A

Pectoralis major

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39
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve contains fibers from:

A

C5-C7

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40
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve supplies which muscles?

A

Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii (both heads) and brachialis

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41
Q

Which of the following is not supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A. Coracobrachialis
B. Long head- biceps brachii
C. Short head- biceps brachii
D. Brachialis
E. All are supplied by by MC nerve
A

E. All are supplied by MC nerve

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42
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve pierces the belly of which muscle?

A

Coracobrachialis

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43
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve continues between the biceps brachii and brachialis into the forearm to become the:

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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44
Q

What is supplied by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm?

A

Skin over the lateral aspect of the forearm, NOT THE HAND!

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45
Q

Which nerves branch off the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Medial pectoral, medial cutaneous nerve of the arm/forearm, ulnar nerve and median nerve

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46
Q

Which branch of the medial cord is NOT supplied by C8 and T1?

A

Median nerve (C6-T1)

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47
Q

The medial pectoral nerve supplies which muscle(s)?

A

Pec major/minor

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48
Q

The medial pectoral nerve contains fibers from:

A

C8 and T1

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49
Q

Which branch of the medial cord receives some fibers from T2?

A

Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

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50
Q

The medial cutaneous nerve of the arm receives some fibers from T2 via communication with the:

A

Intercostobrachial nerve

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51
Q

The medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm contains fibers from:

A

C8 and T1

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52
Q

The medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm supplies:

A

Skin over biceps brachii and skin over anterior and medial aspects of forearm distal to the wrist

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53
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the medial cord?

A

Ulnar and median nerves

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54
Q

The ulnar nerve contains fibers from:

A

C8 and T1 (sometimes C7)

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55
Q

The ulnar nerve travels medially to which structure in the medial bicipital sulcus?

A

Brachial artery

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56
Q

In which structure does the ulnar nerve travel medial to the brachial artery?

A

Medial bicipital sulcus

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57
Q

Which nerve is affected is you hit your “funny bone?”

A

Ulnar nerve

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58
Q

The ulnar nerve continues into the forearm between the two heads of which muscle?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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59
Q

The ulnar nerve innervates which two muscles of the forearm?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus

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60
Q

Which branch of the ulnar nerve supplies the skin on the ulnar side of the posterior hand?

A

Dorsal branch

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61
Q

Which branch of the ulnar nerve supplies the skin over the hypothenar eminence?

A

Palmar branch

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62
Q

The dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supplies:

A

The skin on the ulnar side of the posterior hand

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63
Q

The palmar branch of the ulnar supplies:

A

The skin over the hypothenar eminence

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64
Q

What is the name of the three terminal branches of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve and what do they supply?

A

Proper palmar branches; supply palmar aspect of the 5th finger (pinky) and medial half of 4th finger (ring)

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65
Q

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve curves toward the thenar eminence to supply:

A

Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, adductor pollicis, deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis, all interossei muscles, and the 3rd/4th lumbricals

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66
Q

Which nerve would you expect to be compromised if a patient exhibited “claw hand?”

A

Ulnar nerve

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67
Q

Which nerve contains contributions from both the lateral and medial cords?

A

Median nerve

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68
Q

The median nerve contains fibers from:

A

C6-T1

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69
Q

In which structure does the median nerve travel through the arm?

A

Medial bicipital sulcus (same as ulnar nerve)

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70
Q

Between the heads of which muscle does the median nerve enter the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

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71
Q

Which two muscles of the forearm are NOT innervated by the median nerve?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus (both ulnar nerve)

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72
Q

Which nerve is given off by the median nerve in the elbow?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm

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73
Q

The palmar branch of the median nerve supplies:

A

Skin of the thenar eminence, lateral wrist and palm

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74
Q

Which nerve supplies the periosteum?

A

Median nerve

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75
Q

Patients with an affected median nerve would demonstrate:

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome and an inability to pronate

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76
Q

Which nerves branch off of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior and inferior subscapular, thoracodorsal, axillary and radial nerves

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77
Q

The superior subscapular nerve contains fibers from _____ and supplies the _____.

A

C5 and C6; subscapularis

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78
Q

The thoracodorsal nerve contains fibers from _____ and supplies the _____.

A

C6-C8; latissimus dorsi

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79
Q

The inferior subscapular nerve contains fibers from _____ and supplies the _____.

A

C5 and C6 (same as superior SS); subscapularis and teres major

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80
Q

The axillary nerve contains fibers from _____ and supplies the _____.

A

C5 and C6; deltoid and teres minor

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81
Q

The sensory branch of the axillary nerve that comes off at the same level of the teres minor is called the:

A

Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

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82
Q

The superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm supplies:

A

Skin over the lateral shoulder and upper arm

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83
Q

The radial nerve contains fibers from:

A

C5-C8 and sometimes T1

84
Q

The radial nerve enters the forearm after traveling between which muscles?

A

Brachialis and brachioradialis

85
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve penetrates which muscle?

A

Supinator

86
Q

Muscular branches of the radial nerve supply:

A

All three heads of triceps brachii and anconeus,

87
Q

Branches of the radial nerve, that are given off at the level of the lateral epicondyle, will supply:

A

Brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

88
Q

A patient presents with reduced triceps and brachioradialis reflexes. You would suspect damage to which nerve?

A

Radial nerve

89
Q

Which nerves are implicated in Erb-Duchenne palsy?

A

Suprascapular, musculocutaneous and axillary nerves

90
Q

A patient who presents with Erb-Duchenne palsy would experience atrophy to which muscles?

A

Brachialis, biceps brachii and deltoid

91
Q

Which muscles are primarily affected in Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Hand muscles (thenar/hypothenar interossei)

92
Q

True/False: Each mixed thoracic spinal nerve will divide into a posterior and anterior primary ramus.

A

True

93
Q

Which muscles are supplied by medial branches of the posterior primary ramus in thoracic spinal nerves?

A

Semispinalis (Upper 6), longissimus (Lower 6) and multifidi

94
Q

Which muscles are supplied by lateral branches of the posterior primary ramus in thoracic spinal nerves?

A

Longissimus, iliocostalis and levator costarum

95
Q

The intercostobrachial nerve contains fibers from:

A

The anterior primary rami of T2 (and sometimes T1)

96
Q

Which muscles are supplied by thoracic spinal nerves 7-11?

A

Transverse abdominal, internal and external abdominal oblique and rectus abdominus

97
Q

What is the name of the T12 spinal nerve?

A

Subcostal nerve

98
Q

The largest of the thoracic nerves is the:

A

Subcostal nerve (T12)

99
Q

True/False: Each thoracic nerve communicates with the sympathetic trunk by way of both white and gray rami communicans.

A

True

100
Q

The medial branches of the posterior primary rami of lumbar nerves supply the _____, while the lateral branches supply the _____.

A

Multifidi; Erector spinae group

101
Q

How many lumbar sympathetic ganglia communicate with the sympathetic trunk?

A

Four

102
Q

True/False: There will be white rami communicans associated with each lumbar nerve, and there will be gray rami communicans associated with L1 and L2 nerves.

A

False; there will be white rami communicans associated with L1/L2 (sometimes L3), and there will be gray rami communicans associated with each lumbar nerve

103
Q

The lumbar plexus is formed by:

A

Anterior primary rami of L1-L3 and part of L4 (will also receive contribution from T12 via communication with L1)

104
Q

Muscular branches of the lumbar plexus supply which muscles?

A

L1- Quadratus lumborum and psoas minor
L2- Quadratus lumborum and both psoas muscles
L3/L4- Quadratus lumborum and psoas major

105
Q

The iliohypogastric nerve contains fibers from:

A

T12 and L1

106
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterolateral gluteal region?

A

Lateral cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve

107
Q

The anterior cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve supplies:

A

Skin of the pubic region

108
Q

Which two muscles are supplied by the iliohypogastric nerve?

A

Internal abdominal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles

109
Q

The ilioinguinal nerve contains fibers from:

A

T12 and L1 (same as iliohypogastric)

110
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

Internal abdominal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles (same as iliohypogastric)

111
Q

The genitofemoral nerve contains fibers from:

A

L1 and L2

112
Q

The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve provides motor supply supply to _____ and sensory supply to _____.

A

Cremaster; skin of superior anterior scrotum (males) or skin of the mons pubis and labium majus (females)

113
Q

What does the femoral branch supply?

A

Sensory to skin of upper anterior thigh

114
Q

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh contains fibers from:

A

L2 and L3

115
Q

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh leaves the abdominal cavity by passing under the:

A

Inguinal ligament

116
Q

Which nerve travels anterior to the sartorius and through the fascia lata?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

117
Q

Which nerve is the largest in the lumbar plexus? It contains fibers from?

A

Femoral nerve; L2-L4

118
Q

Within the abdomen, the femoral nerve gives off muscular branches to which muscles?

A

Iliacus and pectineus

119
Q

The anterior division of the femoral nerve gives off:

A

Intermediate cutaneous nerve of the thigh and medial cutaneous nerve of the thigh (sensory nerves)

120
Q

The posterior division of the femoral nerve gives off:

A

Muscular and vascular branches

121
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the muscular branches in the posterior division of the femoral nerve?

A

Quad muscles (sartorius, rectus femoris and all 3 vastus muscles)

122
Q

Which nerve is transmitted through the adductor canal and is a continuation of the articular branches of the femoral nerve?

A

Saphenous nerve

123
Q

Which nerves form the lumbar plexus?

A

Iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral cutaneous, obturator and femoral nerves (I twice Get Laid On Fridays)

124
Q

The obturator nerve contains fibers from:

A

L2-L4

125
Q

Which lumbar nerve is the principal contributor to the obturator nerve? Which one is minimal?

A

L3 (L2 is the least)

126
Q

The anterior and posterior branches of the obturator nerve are initially separated by the obturator externus. Which muscle separates them after that?

A

Adductor brevis

127
Q

Which plexus is formed by branches of the femoral nerve and anterior branches of the obturator nerve?

A

Subsartorial plexus

128
Q

The termination of which nerve supplies the femoral artery?

A

Anterior branch of the obturator nerve

129
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the anterior branch of the obturator nerve?

A

Adductor longus, gracilis, pectineus and adductor brevis

130
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the posterior branch of the obturator nerve?

A

Obturator externus and adductor magnus (as well as adductor brevis, if not supplied by the anterior branch)

131
Q

How many pairs of thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal nerves are there?

A

12 thoracic, 5 lumbar and 5 sacral (22 pairs = 44 total nerves)

132
Q

Which sacral spinal nerve travels through the sacral hiatus?

A

S5 (S1-S4 travel through the 4 anterior/posterior sacral foramina)

133
Q

Which posterior primary rami of sacral nerves divide into medial and lateral branches?

A

S1-S3

134
Q

The medial branches of S1-S3 supply:

A

Adjacent multifidi

135
Q

The lateral branches of S1-S3 supply:

A

Combine with L5 and S4 to supply skin over the butt

136
Q

Which sacral posterior primary rami combine with the coccygeal posterior primary rami to supply the skin over the coccyx?

A

S4 and S5

137
Q

How many sacral sympathetic ganglia communicate with the sympathetic trunk?

A

3 or 4

138
Q

True/False: The posterior primary ramus of each sacral nerve will receive postganglionic sympathetic fibers via gray rami communicans.

A

False, ANTERIOR primary rami will receive those fibers from gray rami communicans

139
Q

The coccygeal plexus is formed by:

A

Anterior rami of S4, S5 and Co1 nerves

140
Q

The nerves of the coccygeal plexus give rise to:

A

Anococcygeal nerves that carry sensory information from the skin adjacent to the coccyx and anus

141
Q

If a patient presents with hammer toes, “claw foot,” or flexor paralysis, you’d suspect damage to which nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

142
Q 
The posterior cord of the brachial plexus gives rise to each of the following EXCEPT:
A. Thoracodorsal nerve
B. Long thoracic nerve
C. Inferior subscapular nerve
D. Axillary nerve
A

B. Long thoracic nerve (formed from roots of C5-C7)

143
Q

The superior gluteal nerve is named for its relationship to the:

A

Piriformis muscle

144
Q

Your patient demonstrates a high steppage gait. What muscles/nerves are affected in this condition?

A

Dorsiflexors supplied by the deep fibular nerve

145
Q

Which level of the sacral plexus supplies the levator ani and coccygeal muscles?

A

S4

146
Q

S4 supplies which muscles?

A

Levator ani and coccygeus muscles

147
Q

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm is the terminal branch of which nerve?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

148
Q

The anterior division of the femoral nerve will supply which muscle?

A

Sartorius (via nerve to the sartorius)

149
Q

Which lumbar nerves supply the quadratus lumborum?

A

L1-L4

150
Q

Which branch of the pudendal nerve supplies the bulbospongiosus and the ischiocavernosus?

A

Deep perineal branch

151
Q

Which nerve supplies muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

152
Q

The interossei muscles of the foot are supplied by which nerve?

A

Deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

153
Q

True/False: A winging scapula may indicate damage to the long thoracic nerve.

A

True

154
Q

True/False: The sciatic nerve typically divides into tibial and common fibular in the proximal part of the thigh.

A

False; Distal 2/3 of the thigh

155
Q

True/False: Carpal tunnel syndrome typically affects all five digits of the hand.

A

True

156
Q

True False: The sacral multifidi are supplied by the medial branch of the posterior primary rami of S1-S3.

A

True

157
Q

True/False: The pectineus muscle is supplied exclusively by the obturator nerve.

A

False; not always

158
Q

Which nerve supplies muscles originating on the posterior surface of the scapula?

A

Suprascapular nerve

159
Q

The sacral plexus is formed by:

A

Anterior primary rami of L4-S3 and part of S4

160
Q

Contributions from L4 and L5 are by way of the:

A

Lumbosacral trunk

161
Q

The sacral plexus forms on the anterior surface of which muscle?

A

Piriformis muscle

162
Q

L4, L5 and S1 nerve roots make up which nerves?

A

Nerve to the quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior and the superior gluteal nerve

163
Q

The pudendal nerve contains fibers from:

A

S2-S4

164
Q

Fibers from L5, S1 and S2 combine to form which nerves?

A

Nerve to the obturator internus and gemellus superior

165
Q

Which branches come off the pudendal nerve within the pudendal canal?

A

Inferior rectal and perineal nerves

166
Q

Inferior rectal nerves of the pudendal nerve provide motor supply to:

A

External anal sphincter

167
Q

Deep perineal branches of the pudendal nerve supply which muscles?

A

External anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus and superficial transverse perineus

168
Q

What is the name of the terminal branch of the pudendal nerve?

A

Dorsal nerve of the penis (males) or clitoris (females)

169
Q

The dorsal nerve supplies which muscles?

A

Deep transverse perineus and urethral sphincter muscles

170
Q

Individual muscular branches off the sacral plexus contain fibers from ______ and supply which muscles?

A

S4; levator ani and coccygeus muscles

171
Q

The pelvic splanchnic nerves contain fibers from:

A

S2-S4 (same as pudendal nerve)

172
Q

The nerve to the piriformis carries fibers to the piriformis from which sacral cord levels?

A

S1 and S2

173
Q

The superior gluteal nerve contains fibers from:

A

L4, L5 and S1 (same as nerve to QF and GI)

174
Q

Which branch of the superior gluteal nerve supplies the gluteus medius/minimus and tensor fascia lata?

A

Inferior branch

175
Q

Which branch of the superior gluteal nerve supplies just the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Superior branch

176
Q

The inferior gluteal nerve carries fibers from _____ and innervates which muscle?

A

L5, S1 and S2; gluteus maximus

177
Q

Which nerve travels through the sacrotuberous ligament?

A

Perforating cutaneous nerve

178
Q

Which structure does the perforating cutaneous nerve travel through?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

179
Q

The perforating cutaneous nerve contains fibers from:

A

S2 and S3

180
Q

Which nerves are formed by both anterior and posterior divisions of the sacral plexus?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh and the sciatic nerve

181
Q

The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh is formed by fibers from:

A

Anterior divisions of S2 and S3 and posterior divisions of L4-S2

182
Q

The sciatic nerve is formed by fibers from:

A

Anterior divisions of L4-S3 and posterior divisions of L4-S2

183
Q

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves?

A

Tibial and common fibular nerves

184
Q

The tibial nerve is more medially located and is formed by:

A

Anterior divisions of L4-S3

185
Q

The common fibular nerve is more laterally located and is formed by:

A

Posterior divisions of L4-S2

186
Q

As the sciatic nerve travels below the piriformis, it continues to travel on the posterior aspect of which muscle?

A

Adductor magnus

187
Q

Which muscle is supplied by the common fibular nerve before it separates from the tibial nerve?

A

Short head of biceps femoris

188
Q

Which branch of the common fibular nerve supplies the skin on the lateral aspect of the leg?

A

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve

189
Q

The lateral sural cutaneous nerve supplies:

A

Skin on the lateral aspect of the leg

190
Q

The sural nerve is formed by the combination of:

A

Fibular communicating branch and medial sural cutaneous nerve

191
Q

Which nerve is formed by the combination of the fibular communicating branch and medial sural cutaneous nerve?

A

Sural nerve

192
Q

Which nerve supplies the fibularis longus and brevis?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

193
Q

What are the branches of the superficial fibular nerve?

A

Medial dorsal cutaneous and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves

194
Q

The branches of the superficial fibular nerve supply:

A

Skin over the dorsum of the foot, except for the skin between the first two toes

195
Q

The terminal branch of which nerve supplies the skin between the first two toes?

A

Deep fibular nerve

196
Q

While still combined with the common fibular nerve, tibial nerve fibers are sent to which muscles?

A

Long head of biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus and adductor magnus

197
Q

In the popliteal fossa, the tibial nerve gives off muscular branches to which muscles?

A

Popliteus, gastrocnemius (both heads), soleus and plantaris

198
Q

Which branch of the tibial nerve gives rise to the interosseous nerve of the leg?

A

Popliteal nerve

199
Q

The popliteal nerve gives rise to:

A

Interosseous nerve of the leg

200
Q

Which nerve supplies the Tom, Dick and Harry muscles (tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus)?

A

Tibial nerve

201
Q

Which branch of the tibial nerve supplies the skin over the medial heel?

A

Medial calcaneal branches

202
Q

What are the names of the terminal branches of the tibial nerve?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

203
Q

The medial plantar nerve provides motor fibers to which muscles?

A

Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis and flexor hallucis brevis

204
Q

Common plantar nerves provide motor supply to _____ and sensory supply to _____.

A

Motor: 1st/2nd lumbricals
Sensory: skin between toes via proper plantar digital nerves

205
Q

The superficial branch of which nerve supplies the skin around the 5th digit (pinky toe)?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

206
Q

Which branch of the lateral plantar nerve is sensory? Which one is motor?

A

Sensory: Superficial branch
Motor: Deep branch

PNS (6 decks)

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