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Systems Pathology 2 > Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Failure of testicles to descend

A

cryptorchidism

pg 17

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2
Q

At what age is cryptorchidism diagnosed?

A

1 year

pg 17

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3
Q

Complications of cryptorchidism if left uncorrected

A

atrophy, sterility, increased CA risk

pg 17

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4
Q

Inflammation of the testis

A

orchitis

pg 18

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5
Q

Inflammation of the epididymis

A

epididymitis

pg 18

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6
Q

Features of orchitis

A

pain, bloody ejaculation, edma

pg 18

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7
Q

Features of epididymitis

A

pain, fever, MC unilateral

pg 18

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8
Q

Spermatic cord twisting

A

testicular torsion

pg 19

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9
Q

Testicular torsion is a urologic emergency because of the risk of what?

A

infarction

pg 19

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10
Q

How long do you have to untwist the spermatic cord?

A

6 hours

pg 19

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11
Q

Adults who experience testicular torsion commonly have what deformity?

A

bell-clapper deformity; the testicle is not adhered to the scrotal wall
pg 19

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12
Q

Age group most commonly affected by testicular torsion

A

12-18 years

pg 19

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13
Q

Enlarged pampiniform venous plexus of the scrotum

A

varicocele

pg 23

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14
Q

Varicocele is most common in what condition?

A

renal cell carcinoma
RULE OUT!
pg 24

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15
Q

Age group most commonly affected by testicular neoplasia

A

15-34 years

pg 25

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16
Q

Risks for testicular neoplasia

A

cryptorchidism, family history, Caucasians, gonadal dysgenesis, or androgen insensitivity
pg 25

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17
Q

Types of testicular neoplasias

A

1) sex-cord stromal tumors
2) germ cell tumors
pg 26

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18
Q

Which testicular neoplasia is more likely to be benign?

A

sex cord-stromal tumors

pg 26

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19
Q

Sex cord stromal tumors come from what cells?

A

sertoli and leydig

pg 26

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20
Q

Which testicular neoplasia is more likely to be malignant?

A

germ cell tumor

pg 26

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21
Q

Germ cell tumors come from…

A

intratubular germ cell neoplasia

pg 26

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22
Q

Types of germ cell tumors

A

1) seminomas
2) nonseminomatous GCTs
pg 26

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23
Q

Which type of germ cell tumor has a more favorable prognosis?

A

seminomas

pg 28

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24
Q

What % of seminomas have increased hCG?

A

10%

pg 28

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25
Q

Features of seminomas

A

soft texture, well-demarcated, gray-white; cells are large unform with round nuclei
pg 28

26
Q

Types of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors

A

1) embryonal carcinoma
2) yolk sac tumor
3) choriocarcinoma
4) teratoma
pg 30

27
Q

Nonseminomatous germ cell tumor with indistinct boarders and no tumor markers

A

embryonal carcinoma

pg 30

28
Q

Nonseminomatous germ cell tumor affecting 3 year olds, 90% have AFP

A

yolk sac tumor

pg 30

29
Q

Nonseminomatous germ cell tumor with 100% of cases having an increase in hCG

A

choriocarcinoma

pg 30

30
Q

Nonseminomatous germ cell tumor containing all 3 germ cell layers

A

teratoma

pg 30

31
Q

Features of testicular cancer

A

painless testicular mass, non-translucent, blood in semen, dull achy pain in groin/abdomen
pg 32

32
Q

Pathologies MC in the peripheral zone of the prostate

A

carcinomas

pg 37

33
Q

Pathologies MC in the transitional zone of the prostate

A

hyperplasia

pg 37

34
Q

Inflammation of the prostate

A

prostatitis

pg 41

35
Q

Causes of prostatitis

A

bacterial, chronic nonbacterial(MC), asymptomatic

pg 41

36
Q

Hyperplasia creating an overall growth of the prostate

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

pg 43

37
Q

BPH is most commonly located in which zone?

A

transitional

pg 43

38
Q

What % of BPH is symptomatic?

A

10%

pg 43

39
Q

If BPH is symptomatic, what are the symptoms?

A

urethral obstruction, increase in frequency/urgency, nocturia
pg 43

40
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

pg 45

41
Q

2nd MC cause of CA related death in males

A

Prostate cancer

pg 46

42
Q

Risks for carcinoma of the prostate

A

> 50(MC 65-75), increased androgens, African or Asian descent, mutations
pg 47

43
Q

MC location of carcinoma of the prostate

A

peripheral zone

pg 48

44
Q

If prostate cancer mets to the spine is it osteoblastic or osteolytic?

A

osteoblastic

pg 48

45
Q

Dilation of the renal pelvis/calyces

A

hydronephrosis

pg 53

46
Q

Complications of hydronephrosis

A

decrease in function, possibly atrophy

pg 53

47
Q

Kidney stone

A

renal calculus

pg 55

48
Q

What are renal calculi made of?

A

calcium oxalate

pg 55

49
Q

Features of renal calculus

A

ureter pain, flank pain referred to the groin, intermittent and severe
pg 55

50
Q

Risks for renal calculus

A

males, family history, dehydration, UTIs, decreased vit A, gout
pg 55

51
Q

Upper urinary tract stone

A

Staghorn calculus

pg 55

52
Q

what are staghorn calculus made of?

A

magnesium ammonium phosphate

pg 57

53
Q

Deficiency of vitamin A causes…

A

kidney stones, bitot spots

pg 59

54
Q

Overdoes of vitamin A causes…

A

vomiting/weight loss, arthritis, headache, dizziness/stupor, diplopia
pg 59

55
Q

Blind-ended pouch in the bladder wall

A

diverticulum

pg 60

56
Q

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

A

cystitis

pg 60

57
Q

Types of bladder cancer

A

1) urothelial carcinoma
2) squamous cell carcinoma
pg 62

58
Q

What type of bladder cancer is MC?

A 
urothelial carcinoma (90%)
pg 62
59
Q

Risk for bladder cancer

A

age 50-80, males, chronic irritation/infection, smoking, occupational and environmental carcinogens
pg 62

60
Q

Features of bladder cancer

A

painless hematuria, high recurrence

pg 64

61
Q

Reminder: look at extra credit article

A

pg 65

Systems Pathology 2 (8 decks)

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