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Systems Pathology 2 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Other names for fungal infections

A

mycosis, dermatophytosis, tinea

pg 71

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2
Q

Fungal infections on non-hairy portions of the body

A

tinea corporis

pg 72

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3
Q

Fungal infections on the scalp

A

tinea capitis

pg 72

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4
Q

Fungal infections on the nail bed

A

tinea unguium

pg 72

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5
Q

Fungal infections on the feet/toes

A

tinea pedis
athlete’s foot
pg 72

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6
Q

Fungal infections on the beard follicle

A

tinea barbae

pg 72

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7
Q

Fungal infections on the groin

A

tinea cruris
jock itch
pg 72

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8
Q

What is the causative organism for Aspergillosis?

A

aspergillus fumigatus

pg 78

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9
Q

What population is most at risk for aspergillosis?

A

immunocompromised

pg 78

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10
Q

What causative agent for warts?

A

HPV infections

pg 80

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11
Q

What causative agent for low grade warts?

A

HPV-6 & HPV-11

pg 80

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12
Q

What causative agent for high grade warts?

A

HPV-16 & HPV-18

pg 80

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13
Q

Warts are most common in what population?

A

pediatrics

pg 80

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14
Q

More common type of warts

A

verruca vulgaris

pg 83

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15
Q

Less common type of warts

A

verruca plana

pg 83

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16
Q

“Proper” name for genital warts

A

condylomata acuminate

pg 84

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17
Q

90% of genital warts are caused by which causative organism(s)?

A

HPV-6 or HPV-11

pg 84

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18
Q

Fairly rare autoimmune attack on epidermis causing painful blisters

A

pemphigus

pg 88

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19
Q

Pemphigus is a type __ hypersensitivity

A

type II

pg 88

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20
Q

3 Blistering Disorders

A

1) pemphigus
2) bullous pemphigoid
3) dermatitis herpetiformis
pg 86

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21
Q

Microscopic presentation of pemphigus

A

fishnet-like pattern of IgG

pg 88

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22
Q

2 types of pemphigus

A

1) pemphigus vulgaris
2) pemphigus foliaceus
pg 89

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23
Q

Most common type of pemphigus

A

pemphigus vulgaris

pg 90

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24
Q

Where are the blisters located in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

suprabasil

pg 90

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25
Q

Where are the blisters located in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

subcorneal

pg 92

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26
Q

Which is more severe: pemphigus vulgaris or pemphigus foliaceus?

A

pemphigus vulgaris

pg 90/92

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27
Q

Autoimmune attack causing subepidermal blisters

A

bullous pemphigoid

pg 95

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28
Q

Population commonly affected by bullous pemphigoid

A

older adults or pregnant women

pg 95

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29
Q

Microscopic presentation of bullous pemphigoid

A

linear pattern of IgG

pg 96

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30
Q

Autoimmune attack on skin associated with celiac disease

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

pg 98

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31
Q

% of patients with celiac disease who have dermatitis herpetiformis

A

10% 1:10

pg 98

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32
Q

Common location of dermatitis herpetiformis

A

torso and gluteal region

pg 99

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33
Q

Microscopic presentation of dermatitis herpetiformis

A

IgA on dermal papillae

pg 101

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34
Q

Benign dark “coin-like” skin lesion

A

seborrheic keratosis

pg 103

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35
Q

Genetic mutation associated with seborrheic keratosis

A

FGFR3 mutation

pg 103

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36
Q

Explosive onset of seborrheic keratosis

A

leser-trelat sign

pg 104

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37
Q

Leser-trelat sign is indicative of was underlying condition

A

cancer; paraneoplastic syndrome

pg 104

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38
Q

Mild dermatitis causing scaly, flaky, and itchy patches of red skin

A

seborrheic dermatitis

pg 106

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39
Q

Benign tumor of sebaceous glands

A

sebaceous adenoma

pg 107

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40
Q

Common location of sebaceous adenoma

A

head and neck

pg 107

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41
Q

Dysplastic skin lesion causes by chronic sun-exposure

A

actinic keratosis

pg 110

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42
Q

Describe the appearance of actinic keratosis

A

small, tan/brown (pinkish) lesions, “sandpaper-like” texture

pg 110

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43
Q

Conical projections of keratin

A

cutaneous horns

pg 115

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44
Q

Purple macules resulting from cumulative UV damage

A

senile purpura

pg 116

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45
Q

Most common location of senile purpura

A 
extensor surfaces (forearm, hands)
pg 116
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46
Q

Clinical term for “liver spots”

A

solar lentigo

pg 118

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47
Q

Brown macules from hyperplasia of melanocytes as a result prolonged UV exposure

A

solar lentigo

pg 119

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48
Q

Results from cumulative UVA and UVB exposure which active MMPs

A

dermatoheliosis

pg 121

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49
Q

2nd most common skin cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

pg 127

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50
Q

Common population(s) affected by squamous cell carcinoma

A

older adults and individual with xeroderma pigmentosum

pg 127

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51
Q

% of squamous cell carcinoma that metastasize

A

5%

pg 128

52
Q

Most common skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

pg 130

53
Q

Common population affected by basal cell carcinoma

A

older adults

pg 130

54
Q

Benign tumor of melanocytes usually acquired in childhood

A

melanocytic nevus

pg 135

55
Q

2 types of melanocytic nevus

A

1) common nevus
2) dysplastic nevus
pg 135

56
Q

Type of melanocytic nevus uniform in color with well-defined boarders

A

common nevus

pg 136

57
Q

Type of melanocytic nevus containing dysplasia with irregular boarders

A

dysplastic nevus

pg 138

58
Q

Individuals with >10 dysplastic nevi have and increased risk of what?

A

melanoma

pg 139

59
Q

3rd most common skin cancer

A

melanoma

pg 142

60
Q

Early stage of melanoma growth

A 
radial growth (horizontal)
pg 143
61
Q

Late stage of melanoma growth

A

vertical growth

pg 143

62
Q

Common melanoma sights of metastasis

A

liver, lungs, CNS, heart

pg 143

63
Q

Characteristics of melanoma

A

“striking variation”black, brown, red, dark blue, grey
irregular boarders
aggressiveness
pg 145

64
Q

ABCDE Rule

A 
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving/elevation
pg 148
65
Q

Flesh-colored, benign tumor, fibroepithelial polyp

A 
skin tag (acrochordon)
pg 153
66
Q

Common locations of skin tags

A

creases; neck, truck, face, axilla, anogenital region, skin fold near breast, between digits
pg 153

67
Q

Disease cause by coxsackievirus A infection

A

Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease

pg 155

68
Q

Clinical term for canker sore

A

aphthous ulcer

pg 4

69
Q

Shallow and painful ulceration found in the oral mucosa and/or pharynx

A

canker sore

pg 4

70
Q

Cold sores are caused by what organism?

A

herpes simplex virus

pg 6

71
Q

What percent of herpes simplex viruses turn into acute herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

10-20%

pg 6

72
Q

What is the most common cause of orofacial herpes?

A

herpes simplex 1

pg 9

73
Q

What is the most common cause of genital/anal herpes?

A

herpes simplex 2

pg 9

74
Q

Features of herpes simplex

A

grouping of small vesicles, itching, burning, tingling

pg 9

75
Q

Name for the spread of herpes to the brain

A

herpesviral encephalitis

pg 12

76
Q

Clinical name for thrush

A

oral candidiasis

pg 13

77
Q

Causative organism of oral candidiasis

A

candida albicans

pg 13

78
Q

Gray/white pseudomembranes within the mouth that may be scraped off

A

oral candidiasis

pg 13

79
Q

Oral candidiasis is present in what percent of newborns?

A

~40%

pg 14

80
Q

Nodular mass following chronic irritation most commonly along the bite line

A

fibroma

pg 15

81
Q

Red/purple hemangioma on gingiva

A

pyogenic granuloma

pg 15

82
Q

Population(s) commonly affected by pyogenic granuloma

A

pregnant women and children

pg 15

83
Q

Epithelial hyperplasia and keratosis or dysplasia presenting as a raised white patch that cannot be scraped off

A

leukoplakia

pg 17

84
Q

Risk factors for leukoplakia

A

tobacco, alcohol, candidiasis, male, age 40-70yrs

pg 17

85
Q

25% of leukoplakia transition into which type of cancer?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

pg 20

86
Q

Red, velvety oral lesion with irregular borders

A

erythroplakia

pg 21

87
Q

What percent of erythroplakia transition into squamous cell carcinoma?

A

> 50%

pg 22

88
Q

Develops from sites of dysplasia with common TP53 mutations

A

oral cancer

pg 24

89
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma mets through ____ (blood or lymph)

A

lymph

pg 26

90
Q

Common locations of squamous cell carcinoma

A

ventral inferior tongue, floor of mouth, lower lip, soft palate, gingiva
pg 25

91
Q

Which HPV is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma?

A

HPV 16

pg 26

92
Q

Dry mouth due to decrease saliva production

A

xerostomia

pg 30

93
Q

Autoimmune attack of salivary and lacrimal glands

A

Sjogren Syndrome

pg 30

94
Q

Inflammation and enlargement of the salivary glands

A

sialadenitis

pg 31

95
Q

Most common viral cause of sialadenitis

A

mumps

pg 31

96
Q

Most common bacterial cause of saladenitis

A

staph. aureus

pg 31

97
Q

Ductal obstruction causing saliva to collect within tissue creating an inflamed cyst

A

mucocele

pg 31

98
Q

Tumors in smaller salivary glands are ___(more or less) common, but are ____(more or less) likely cancerous

A

less, more

pg 33

99
Q

Salivary gland neoplasms most commonly affect what population?

A

elderly

pg 34

100
Q

Percent of parotid gland neoplasms

A

65-80%

pg 34

101
Q

Percent of malignant parotid gland neoplasms

A

15-30%

pg 34

102
Q

Percent of submandibular gland neoplasms

A

10%

pg 34

103
Q

Percent of malignant submandibular gland neoplasms

A

40%

pg 34

104
Q

Percent of sublingual and minor salivary gland neoplasms

A

10-25%

pg 34

105
Q

Percent of malignant sublingual and minor salivary gland neoplasms

A

50-90%

pg 34

106
Q

Benign majority of all parotid tumors

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

pg 35

107
Q

Malignant parotid tumor

A

carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

pg 35

108
Q

Lower pharyngeal outpouching superior to the UES developing from increase pharyngeal pressure

A

Zenker’s Diverticulum

pg 37

109
Q

The esophagus lies ___(anterior or posterior) to the trachea

A

posterior

pg 38

110
Q

4 esophageal lesions

A

1) mechanical
2) functional
3) ectopia
4) esophageal varices
pg 41

111
Q

Functional esophageal obstruction

A

achalasia

pg 43

112
Q

Achalasia triad

A

1) incomplete LES relaxation
2) increase LES tone
3) esophageal aperistalsis
pg 43

113
Q

Symptoms of achalasia

A

dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain

pg 43

114
Q

Test for achalasia

A

barium swallow test

pg 45

115
Q

What is the “sign” looked for in the barium swallow test to confirm achalasia?

A

bird-beak sign

pg 45

116
Q

Cause of primary achalasia

A

loss of inhibitory innervation to the LES

pg 46

117
Q

Cause of secondary achalasia

A

co-morbidity impairs LES function (Chagas, irradiation, diabetes, polio)
pg 46

118
Q

Dilated and tortuous vessels in the distal esophagus as a result of portal venous congestion

A

esophageal varices

pg 48

119
Q

Causes of esophageal varices

A

cirrhosis from alcoholic liver disease or hepatic schistosomiasis
pg 48

120
Q

Those with esophageal varices are at extreme risk of ____

A

hemorrhage

pg 49

121
Q

Inflammation of the esophageal mucosa

A

esophagitis

pg 50

122
Q

Most common cause of esophagitis

A

reflux esophagitis

pg 50

123
Q

Esophagitis associated with dysphagia, heartburn, “sour brash”

A

GERD

pg 51

124
Q

Self limiting form of esophagitis

A

chemical

pg 53

125
Q

Type of esophagitis commonly following an ulcer

A

infectious

pg 53

126
Q

Longitudinal esophageal tear from forceful coughing or vomiting

A

Mallory-Weiss Tear

pg 54

Systems Pathology 2 (8 decks)

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