Quiz 2 Flashcards
Other names for fungal infections
mycosis, dermatophytosis, tinea
pg 71
Fungal infections on non-hairy portions of the body
tinea corporis
pg 72
Fungal infections on the scalp
tinea capitis
pg 72
Fungal infections on the nail bed
tinea unguium
pg 72
Fungal infections on the feet/toes
tinea pedis
athlete’s foot
pg 72
Fungal infections on the beard follicle
tinea barbae
pg 72
Fungal infections on the groin
tinea cruris
jock itch
pg 72
What is the causative organism for Aspergillosis?
aspergillus fumigatus
pg 78
What population is most at risk for aspergillosis?
immunocompromised
pg 78
What causative agent for warts?
HPV infections
pg 80
What causative agent for low grade warts?
HPV-6 & HPV-11
pg 80
What causative agent for high grade warts?
HPV-16 & HPV-18
pg 80
Warts are most common in what population?
pediatrics
pg 80
More common type of warts
verruca vulgaris
pg 83
Less common type of warts
verruca plana
pg 83
“Proper” name for genital warts
condylomata acuminate
pg 84
90% of genital warts are caused by which causative organism(s)?
HPV-6 or HPV-11
pg 84
Fairly rare autoimmune attack on epidermis causing painful blisters
pemphigus
pg 88
Pemphigus is a type __ hypersensitivity
type II
pg 88
3 Blistering Disorders
1) pemphigus
2) bullous pemphigoid
3) dermatitis herpetiformis
pg 86
Microscopic presentation of pemphigus
fishnet-like pattern of IgG
pg 88
2 types of pemphigus
1) pemphigus vulgaris
2) pemphigus foliaceus
pg 89
Most common type of pemphigus
pemphigus vulgaris
pg 90
Where are the blisters located in pemphigus vulgaris?
suprabasil
pg 90
Where are the blisters located in pemphigus vulgaris?
subcorneal
pg 92
Which is more severe: pemphigus vulgaris or pemphigus foliaceus?
pemphigus vulgaris
pg 90/92
Autoimmune attack causing subepidermal blisters
bullous pemphigoid
pg 95
Population commonly affected by bullous pemphigoid
older adults or pregnant women
pg 95
Microscopic presentation of bullous pemphigoid
linear pattern of IgG
pg 96
Autoimmune attack on skin associated with celiac disease
dermatitis herpetiformis
pg 98
% of patients with celiac disease who have dermatitis herpetiformis
10% 1:10
pg 98
Common location of dermatitis herpetiformis
torso and gluteal region
pg 99
Microscopic presentation of dermatitis herpetiformis
IgA on dermal papillae
pg 101
Benign dark “coin-like” skin lesion
seborrheic keratosis
pg 103
Genetic mutation associated with seborrheic keratosis
FGFR3 mutation
pg 103
Explosive onset of seborrheic keratosis
leser-trelat sign
pg 104
Leser-trelat sign is indicative of was underlying condition
cancer; paraneoplastic syndrome
pg 104
Mild dermatitis causing scaly, flaky, and itchy patches of red skin
seborrheic dermatitis
pg 106
Benign tumor of sebaceous glands
sebaceous adenoma
pg 107
Common location of sebaceous adenoma
head and neck
pg 107
Dysplastic skin lesion causes by chronic sun-exposure
actinic keratosis
pg 110
Describe the appearance of actinic keratosis
small, tan/brown (pinkish) lesions, “sandpaper-like” texture
pg 110
Conical projections of keratin
cutaneous horns
pg 115
Purple macules resulting from cumulative UV damage
senile purpura
pg 116
Most common location of senile purpura
extensor surfaces (forearm, hands) pg 116
Clinical term for “liver spots”
solar lentigo
pg 118
Brown macules from hyperplasia of melanocytes as a result prolonged UV exposure
solar lentigo
pg 119
Results from cumulative UVA and UVB exposure which active MMPs
dermatoheliosis
pg 121
2nd most common skin cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
pg 127
Common population(s) affected by squamous cell carcinoma
older adults and individual with xeroderma pigmentosum
pg 127
% of squamous cell carcinoma that metastasize
5%
pg 128
Most common skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
pg 130
Common population affected by basal cell carcinoma
older adults
pg 130
Benign tumor of melanocytes usually acquired in childhood
melanocytic nevus
pg 135
2 types of melanocytic nevus
1) common nevus
2) dysplastic nevus
pg 135
Type of melanocytic nevus uniform in color with well-defined boarders
common nevus
pg 136
Type of melanocytic nevus containing dysplasia with irregular boarders
dysplastic nevus
pg 138
Individuals with >10 dysplastic nevi have and increased risk of what?
melanoma
pg 139
3rd most common skin cancer
melanoma
pg 142
Early stage of melanoma growth
radial growth (horizontal) pg 143
Late stage of melanoma growth
vertical growth
pg 143
Common melanoma sights of metastasis
liver, lungs, CNS, heart
pg 143
Characteristics of melanoma
“striking variation”black, brown, red, dark blue, grey
irregular boarders
aggressiveness
pg 145
ABCDE Rule
Asymmetry Border Color Diameter Evolving/elevation pg 148
Flesh-colored, benign tumor, fibroepithelial polyp
skin tag (acrochordon) pg 153
Common locations of skin tags
creases; neck, truck, face, axilla, anogenital region, skin fold near breast, between digits
pg 153
Disease cause by coxsackievirus A infection
Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease
pg 155
Clinical term for canker sore
aphthous ulcer
pg 4
Shallow and painful ulceration found in the oral mucosa and/or pharynx
canker sore
pg 4
Cold sores are caused by what organism?
herpes simplex virus
pg 6
What percent of herpes simplex viruses turn into acute herpetic gingivostomatitis?
10-20%
pg 6
What is the most common cause of orofacial herpes?
herpes simplex 1
pg 9
What is the most common cause of genital/anal herpes?
herpes simplex 2
pg 9
Features of herpes simplex
grouping of small vesicles, itching, burning, tingling
pg 9
Name for the spread of herpes to the brain
herpesviral encephalitis
pg 12
Clinical name for thrush
oral candidiasis
pg 13
Causative organism of oral candidiasis
candida albicans
pg 13
Gray/white pseudomembranes within the mouth that may be scraped off
oral candidiasis
pg 13
Oral candidiasis is present in what percent of newborns?
~40%
pg 14
Nodular mass following chronic irritation most commonly along the bite line
fibroma
pg 15
Red/purple hemangioma on gingiva
pyogenic granuloma
pg 15
Population(s) commonly affected by pyogenic granuloma
pregnant women and children
pg 15
Epithelial hyperplasia and keratosis or dysplasia presenting as a raised white patch that cannot be scraped off
leukoplakia
pg 17
Risk factors for leukoplakia
tobacco, alcohol, candidiasis, male, age 40-70yrs
pg 17
25% of leukoplakia transition into which type of cancer?
squamous cell carcinoma
pg 20
Red, velvety oral lesion with irregular borders
erythroplakia
pg 21
What percent of erythroplakia transition into squamous cell carcinoma?
> 50%
pg 22
Develops from sites of dysplasia with common TP53 mutations
oral cancer
pg 24
Squamous cell carcinoma mets through ____ (blood or lymph)
lymph
pg 26
Common locations of squamous cell carcinoma
ventral inferior tongue, floor of mouth, lower lip, soft palate, gingiva
pg 25
Which HPV is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma?
HPV 16
pg 26
Dry mouth due to decrease saliva production
xerostomia
pg 30
Autoimmune attack of salivary and lacrimal glands
Sjogren Syndrome
pg 30
Inflammation and enlargement of the salivary glands
sialadenitis
pg 31
Most common viral cause of sialadenitis
mumps
pg 31
Most common bacterial cause of saladenitis
staph. aureus
pg 31
Ductal obstruction causing saliva to collect within tissue creating an inflamed cyst
mucocele
pg 31
Tumors in smaller salivary glands are ___(more or less) common, but are ____(more or less) likely cancerous
less, more
pg 33
Salivary gland neoplasms most commonly affect what population?
elderly
pg 34
Percent of parotid gland neoplasms
65-80%
pg 34
Percent of malignant parotid gland neoplasms
15-30%
pg 34
Percent of submandibular gland neoplasms
10%
pg 34
Percent of malignant submandibular gland neoplasms
40%
pg 34
Percent of sublingual and minor salivary gland neoplasms
10-25%
pg 34
Percent of malignant sublingual and minor salivary gland neoplasms
50-90%
pg 34
Benign majority of all parotid tumors
Pleomorphic adenoma
pg 35
Malignant parotid tumor
carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
pg 35
Lower pharyngeal outpouching superior to the UES developing from increase pharyngeal pressure
Zenker’s Diverticulum
pg 37
The esophagus lies ___(anterior or posterior) to the trachea
posterior
pg 38
4 esophageal lesions
1) mechanical
2) functional
3) ectopia
4) esophageal varices
pg 41
Functional esophageal obstruction
achalasia
pg 43
Achalasia triad
1) incomplete LES relaxation
2) increase LES tone
3) esophageal aperistalsis
pg 43
Symptoms of achalasia
dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain
pg 43
Test for achalasia
barium swallow test
pg 45
What is the “sign” looked for in the barium swallow test to confirm achalasia?
bird-beak sign
pg 45
Cause of primary achalasia
loss of inhibitory innervation to the LES
pg 46
Cause of secondary achalasia
co-morbidity impairs LES function (Chagas, irradiation, diabetes, polio)
pg 46
Dilated and tortuous vessels in the distal esophagus as a result of portal venous congestion
esophageal varices
pg 48
Causes of esophageal varices
cirrhosis from alcoholic liver disease or hepatic schistosomiasis
pg 48
Those with esophageal varices are at extreme risk of ____
hemorrhage
pg 49
Inflammation of the esophageal mucosa
esophagitis
pg 50
Most common cause of esophagitis
reflux esophagitis
pg 50
Esophagitis associated with dysphagia, heartburn, “sour brash”
GERD
pg 51
Self limiting form of esophagitis
chemical
pg 53
Type of esophagitis commonly following an ulcer
infectious
pg 53
Longitudinal esophageal tear from forceful coughing or vomiting
Mallory-Weiss Tear
pg 54
