Quiz 7

Question 1

Asking the patient about the difference between the present problem and the previous one is what type of nursing assessment question?

Answer 1

Contrast

Question 2

Asking the patient whether he or she had the problem earlier is what type of nursing assessment question?

Answer 2

Focused

Question 3

When might an open-ended question be asked to obtain information from the patient?

Answer 3

To ascertain what he or she thinks the cause of a problem is.

Question 4

What type of nursing assessment question might ask about how a problem affects the patient and those close to the patient?

Answer 4

A bicultural ecology and health risks nursing assessment question.

Question 5

A principle that refers to the ability to answer for one’s actions:

Answer 5

Accountability.

When a mistake (such as wrong dose given) happens… The nurse realizes the mistake and informs the healthcare provider (as well as the patient) so that corrective actions can be taken.

Question 6

Means to support and speak for a particular cause on behalf of the patient:

Answer 6

Advocacy

Question 7

This refers to a willingness to respect one’s professional obligations and follow through on promises:

Answer 7

Responsibility

When a nurse take accountability, he/she is also acting responsibly.

Question 8

A principle that is followed when one keeps the patient’s personal health information private:

Answer 8

Confidentiality

Question 9

The act of avoiding harm or hurt to the patient

Answer 9

Nonmaleficence

Question 10

The promotion of open discussion whenever mistakes occur, or nearly occur, without fear of recrimination:

Answer 10

Justice

Question 11

Refers to the commitment to include patients in decisions about all aspects of care as a way of acknowledging and protecting a patient’s independence:

Answer 11

Autonomy

Question 12

Refers to taking positive actions to help others:

Answer 12

Beneficence

Question 13

Refers to recognizing biases, prejudices, and assumptions about other people:

Answer 13

Cultural awareness

Question 14

Assess social, cultural, and biophysical factors that influence patient treatment and care:

Answer 14

Cultural skills

Question 15

Describes the motivation to learn from the others, accept the learner, be open to and accepting of cultural differences:

Answer 15

Cultural desire

Question 16

Includes sufficient comparative knowledge of diverse groups, including the values, health beliefs, care practices, and worldview:

Answer 16

Cultural knowledge

Question 17

When someone does not experience sympathy from others he/she may feel this:

Answer 17

Disenfranchised grief

When their loss doesn’t appear “legitimate” to others.

Question 18

A type of complicated grief in which the person’s response is unusually delayed or postponed because the loss is so overwhelming:

Answer 18

Delayed grief

Question 19

This type of grief occurs before the actual loss or death occurs:

Answer 19

Anticipated grief

Question 20

A type of complicated grief in which the person often exhibits self-destructive or maladaptive behaviors:

Answer 20

Exaggerated grief

Question 21

A strategy of health promotion requires a person to be actively involved in the measure(s) taken to improve a condition and reduce the risk of disease:

Answer 21

Active strategy

Ex: a weight reduction program for obese people is an active strategy.

Question 22

In this type of health strategy promotion, individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves:

Answer 22

Passive strategy of health promotion

Interventions such as fortification of milk with vitamin D, fluoridation of municipal drinking water, and fortification of cereals with vitamin A are classified as passive strategies.

Question 23

These measures help to reduce mortality, complications, and inpatient readmissions:

Answer 23

Core measures.

Question 24

This type of care helps to provide care to fit with patients’ own values, beliefs, and traditions:

Answer 24

Culturally congruent care.

Question 25

Nursing plays a unique and critical role in the resolution of difficult ethical situations. The nurse is often able to contribute information not available to others on the team, the result of the special relationship that nurses build with patients…

Answer 25

In providing this information, it is important to remain aware of one’s own values and how they may differ from those of the patient and others on the healthcare team.

Question 26

What are the stages of dying in regards to the theory of grief and mourning?

Answer 26

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Question 27

Which theory explains numbing, yearning, and searching?

Answer 27

Attachment theory

Question 28

This process model explains loss-oriented activities and restoration-oriented activities:

Answer 28

The dual process model

Question 29

What do trajectories of bereavement explain?

Answer 29

Common grief, chronic grief, and chronic depression

Question 30

This level of prevention is aimed at health promotion and includes health-education programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities:

Answer 30

Primary prevention

It can be provided to an individual and includes activities that focus on maintaining or improving the general health of individuals, families, and communities. It also includes specific protection such as immunization for influenza.

Question 31

This level of prevention includes restoration and rehabilitation:

Answer 31

Tertiary prevention.

Question 32

This level of prevention is diagnosing and treating an illness and limiting disabilities:

Answer 32

Secondary prevention.

Question 33

This type of crisis is a response to a variety of situations in life, including a job change, chronic illness, or a motor vehicle accident:

Answer 33

Situational crisis.

Question 34

This type of crisis arises from a major natural disaster or a man-made disaster:

Answer 34

An adventitious crisis.

Question 35

This type of crisis occurs due to a new developmental stage, such as marriage or the birth of a child:

Answer 35

A developmental or maturation crisis.

Question 36

The Kübler-Ross theory of grief and mourning consists of what five stages of dying?

Answer 36

1. denial
2. anger
3. bargaining
4. depression
5. acceptance

Question 37

Which health model emphasizes that all dimensions of an individual should be considered, including emotional and spiritual well-being, for the total wellness of an individual?

Answer 37

Holistic health model

Question 38

This health model focuses on individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific knowledge and affect, and behavioral outcomes:

Answer 38

Health promotion model

Question 39

This health model addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behavior:

Answer 39

Health belief model

Question 40

Which ethics theory considers the importance of relationships in solving ethical dilemmas but lacks a focus on universal principles?

Answer 40

Feminist ethics.

Looks to the nature of relationships to guide participants in making difficult decisions. This theory lacks a focus on universal principles.

Ex: when deciding to perform a possibly futile procedure on a dying patient, look at how the patient’s ability to engage in relationships be affected… Parent to children, etc.

Question 41

This ethics theory focuses on providing justice and fidelity to the patient but does not focus on the role of relationships:

Answer 41

Deontology.

Defines actions as right or wrong on the basis of their “right-making characteristics” such as fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice.

Ex: You focus less on the consequences (ethically speaking)… If the medical procedure is just, respects autonomy, and provides good, it will be right.

Question 42

Ethical theory that proposes the value of something is determined by its usefulness; it does not focus on the nature of relationships:

Answer 42

Utilitarianism.

AKA conseqentialism because its main emphasis is on the outcome or consequence of action.

The difference between utilitarianism and deontology is the focus on outcomes. Utilitarianism measures the effect that an act will have; deontology looks to the presence of principles regardless of outcome.

Question 43

What do we call the the process of evaluating the stressors in a patient’s life and how the person can deal with them?

Answer 43

Appraisal.

There are two types of appraisals: primary and secondary.

Question 44

What does secondary appraisal focus on?

Answer 44

Secondary appraisal focuses on the coping strategies available to the person.

Question 45

What does primary appraisal focus on?

Answer 45

Primary appraisal includes identifying factors that trigger stress or factors that interfere with coping with stress. It also includes the patient’s own evaluation of the meaning of stress.

Question 46

Type of grief wherein a person’s normal functioning is disrupted, but the person does not realize that the disruption in functioning is due to the loss:

Answer 46

Masked grief.

Question 47

Type of grief that is characterized by two losses:

Answer 47

Delayed grief.

One loss may be less important than the other, causing a delay in the response to one of the losses. The loss of a job is less important than the loss of a sibling, so the person shows a delayed response to the second loss.