quiz 7 Flashcards
Personality
Unique core set of characteristics that influence the way one thinks, acts, and feels and that are relatively consistent and enduring throughout the lifespan
Psychodynamic Theories
Behavior is the product of psychological forces that interact within the individual, often outside conscious awareness
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic Perspective
Personality and behavior is the interplay between competing psychological forces
Freud’s Levels of the Mind
Mind compared to iceberg
Conscious – thoughts & feelings we are aware of
Pre-conscious – thoughts & feelings we have access to
Unconscious – thoughts & feelings which we are not aware of
Freud’s Personality Structures
Id – Works on Pleasure Principle
Ego – Works on Reality Principle
Superego – Conscience – Moral Guardian
Freud’s Ego Defense Mechanisms
Mostly unconscious self deceptions that protect the ego from threatening information, serve to reduce anxiety
Everyone uses them – when they are
used long term across different situations, they become unhealthy
Defense Mechanisms
Denial
Projection
Rationalization
Repression
Displacement
Regression
Sublimation
Reaction Formation
Freud’s Theory of Development
Psycho-sexual in nature
Development happens as sexual needs are met
Oral (birth to 1 yr) (Feeding/Weaning from bottle)
Anal (1 to 3 yr) (Potty Training)
Phallic (3 to 6 yr) (Body Exploration)
Latency (6 yr to puberty) (Focus on non-sexual development/Friends)
Genital (puberty to adult) (Sexual Maturity)
Fixation
Getting stuck at a stage
Neo-Freudians (Neo = New)
Alfred Adler – Individual Psychology
Inferiority and striving for superiority
Inferiority Complex
Carl Jung –Analytical Psychology (whole self/psyche) Collective Unconscious and Archetypes
Extrovert/Introvert
Persona
Neo-Freudians cont.
Karen Horney – Feminine Psychology
Importance of Anxiety & Relationships
Basic anxiety — the feeling of being isolated and helpless in a
hostile world
Security with Caregivers: Attachment Therapy
Womb-Envy
Humanistic Perspective
Human potential, self growth, and basic goodness in people
Carl Rogers – emphasized self concept
Actualizing potential
Unconditional positive regard
Abraham Maslow – Hierarchy
of Needs (Must have needs met to improve)
Goal is to self-actualize -to be all that you can be
Social Cognitive Theory
Albert Bandura
Conscious thoughts control
thoughts, feelings, behaviors,
and actions
(Reciprocal Determinism)
Self Regulation
Self-efficacy
Self-efficacy
The degree to which you believe in yourself and your abilities
Trait
A relatively stable, enduring predisposition to behave in a certain way (over 4,500)
Cattell
16 Traits (surface traits come from 16 source traits)
Eysenck
3 Traits: (SNS) Extroversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism
5 Factor Model – “Big 5”
OCEAN
Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
More biological than social
Personality Tests
Projective Tests
Rorschach Inkblot test
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Strength: Subject does a lot of talking
Weakness: Subjective
Time Consuming
Difficult to score
Personality Testing
Self Report Inventories
Objective; Easily Scored; Quick
Social Desirability :-(
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory - MMPI – 3 …most widely used!
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator :4 Dimensions
