quiz 5 Flashcards
Consciousness
“The subjective state of being currently aware of something either within oneself or outside of oneself.” Being aware of your thoughts and/or the environment around you
Content of Consciousness vs State of Consciousness
content: going on in the brain
state: perception (awareness)
Automatic Processing
brain is constantly sifting through stimuli w/o conscious effort
Controlled Processing
a mental process that requires conscious attention and effort, and is used to perform novel or difficult tasks
Selective Attentiveness
narrow focus on select stimuli even though brain still monitors all stimuli
Cocktail Party Effect
hearing name mentioned at a
party/being able to concentrate on one conversation
at a party
Inattentional Blindness
look without see
Hypnosis
an altered state of consciousness allowing for changes in behaviors and perceptions which result from suggestions made by a hypnotist
Hypnosis uses
management of pain, anxiety, fears, phobias, addictions, insomnia
Theories on Hypnosis (role theory)
not an altered state of consciousness
Theories on Hypnosis (state theory)
Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness. PET Scans show changes in the brain during hypnosis, especially areas responsible for processing sensory stimuli
Posthypnotic Suggestion
to stop unwanted behavior
Posthypnotic Amnesia
to forget trauma/phobias
Circadian Rhythm “Circa Diem”
biological clock; 24 hour cycle of daylight/darkness impacts physiological and behavioral functioning… means about a day
Stage 1 (Stages of Sleep)
beta waves; drowsy: alpha waves. non rapid eye movement (non-REM)
Stage N1 (Stages of Sleep)
kind of awake/kind of asleep; lasts a few minutes; once per night theta waves
Stage N2 (Stages of Sleep)
slightly deeper than N1; body temp drops/heart rates slows; theta waves with spindles (spikes) and k-complexes (waves)
Stage N3 (Stages of Sleep)
slow wave sleep (Deep sleep); muscles relax/blood pressure & breathing rates drop; delta waves
Stage R (Stages of Sleep)
goes back to N2 without waking, enter Stage R: rapid eye movement sleep (Dream Sleep); faster and shorter waves like beta waves
Sleep Cycle
(Wake) + N1 + N2 + N3 + (N2) REM = 90 Minutes (times 4-6); cycles are not equally distributed: N3(deep sleep) heavy for first 2 cycles N3 vanishes; REM periods get longer through night; nearly half of the night is in N2
90% of REM sleep is…
… dreaming time
Dreams
are visual and auditory experiences that our minds create during sleep
Nightmares
During REM sleep; daytime stress, anxiety, and emotional difficulties are often associated
Sigmund Freuds Theory
“royal road to the unconscious,” manifest content vs latent content
Information processing Theory
process information which is critical to survival; lots of daily stimulation -dreaming allows us to decide what to keep
Activation-Synthesis Theory
neurons in pons fire at random; higher brain centers struggle to make
sense of the messages being sent; dreams have no real meaning; brain imaging technique shows the limbic system VERY active during dreaming
Extension of Waking Life Theory
what people dream about is very similar
to what people do in their everyday life; pre-sleep moments may greatly influence what we dream
Why Do We Sleep
Restorative (Body/Brain Repair)
Evolutionary (Survival)
Consolidation (Memories & Learning)
Sleep Disorders
insomnia, somnambulism, (sleepwalking), Narcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorders, sleep terrors, sleep apnea
Sleep Disorders by Category
parasomnias: sleep terrors, sleep walking, nightmare disorders, sleep paralysis, bedwetting; dyssomnias: insomnia, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea
Impact of Sleep Loss
fatigue, impaired concentration, depressed immunity; vulnerable to: anxiety, weight gain, accidents, heart disease, dementia, etc.
3 Classifications of Psychoactive Drugs and How they Impact Consciousness
depressants – slow down the function of the central nervous system.
hallucinogens – affect your senses and change the way you see, hear, taste, smell or feel things.
stimulants – speed up the function of the central nervous system.
Two Types of Dependence
Psychological dependence craving is indicated when theres a distinction between tolerance and withdrawal, while physiological dependence is when the body cant function properly without the drug
Withdrawal
If someone is physiologically dependent on drugs and begins the process of quitting, they are likely to suffer the effects of this
Tolerance
Persistent use of drugs alters the chemistry of the brain/body. Needing increasing amounts of the drug to obtain the same effect is called this
