QUIZ 7 Flashcards
otoconia
the calcium carbonate crystals that rest on the otolithic membrane overlying the hair cells of the sacculus and utricle
striola
a line found in both the saculus and utricle that divides the hair cells into two populations with opposing hair bundle polarities
ampullae
the swellings at the base of the semicircular canals that contain the hair cells and cupulae
kinocilium
the tallest structure in the hair bundle of vestibular hair cells
the vestibular system is able to detect
(multiple answers)
-translational acceleration in any direction
-orientation of the head with respect to gravity
-rotational acceleration in any direction
all of the above
after stereocilia move toward the kinocilium
-there is a decrease release of transmitter from the hair cell
-the hair cell hyperpolarizes
-there is decreased signaling in the vestibular nerve
-mechanically-gated channels close
-the hair cell depolarizes and there is increased signaling in the vestibular nerve
the hair cell depolarizes and there is increased signaling in the vestibular nerve
what type of movement do the saccule and utricle respond to, respectively?
-rotational; vertical
-vertical; rotational
-horizontal; rotational
-horizontal; vertical
-vertical; horizontal
vertical; horizontal
which statement about the firing rate in the vestibular afferents when an individual turns her head to the left is accurate?
-firing rate in the afferent from the right horizontal semicircular canal stays the same
-firing rate in the afferent from the left horizontal semicircular canal increases
-firing rate in the afferent from the left horizontal semicircular canal decreases
-firing rate in the afferent from the left horizontal semicircular canal stays the same
-firing rate in the afferent from the right horizontal semicircular canal increases
firing rate in the afferent from the left horizontal semicircular canal increases
why do we have three semicircular canals and not one or two?
-to monitor translation in the horizontal plane and vertical plane (the x, y, and z axes)
-to monitor yaw, pitch, and roll
-to create redundancy in case one of them malfunctions
to monitor yaw, pitch, and roll
which reflex allows a person to visually focus on an object as the head rotates?
-vestibulo-ocular reflex
-vestibulospinal reflex
-vestibular-cerebellar reflex
-vestibulocervical reflex
-vestibulomotor reflex
vestibulo-ocular reflex
due to the vestibulo-ocular reflex, which muscles contract when the head moves to the right?
-left lateral rectus and left medial rectus
-left lateral rectus and right lateral rectus
-left lateral rectus and right medial rectus
-right lateral rectus and left medial rectus
-right lateral rectus and right medial rectus
left lateral rectus and right medial rectus
stimulation to which area of the cortex elicits strong vestibular sensations?
-parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC)
-Brodmann’s area 3a
-vestibular cortex
-Brodmann’s area 2v
parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC)
