MODULE 7- ARPIN STUDY GUIDE Flashcards

1
Q

movement of stereocilia toward kinocilium depolarizes/hyperpolarizes the hair cell

A

depolarizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

movement of stereocilia away from the kinocilium depolarizes/hyperpolarizes the hair cell

A

hyperpolarizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what occurs from some tonic release of neurotransmitter in the absence of stimulation

A

baseline firing rate in vestibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

otolith organs

A

-utricle
-saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are otolith organs sensitive to

A

-linear accelerations
-head tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where are hair cells located

A

the macular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is utricle macular oriented

A

horizontally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is saccule macular oriented

A

vertically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

striola

A

divides hair cells with opposite polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what displaces the hair bundles, causing depolarization + hyperpolarization

A

shearing motion between the otolithic membrane + the macular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what causes shearing motion

A

linear acceleration
-during increasing/decreasing velocity
-not constant velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what also causes shearing motion

A

head tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are semicircular canals sensitive to

A

rotational/angular acceleration
-NOT linear/translational movements of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is hair cell located

A

ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hair bundles extend out into where

A

cupula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is displaced during angular rotation

A

cupula
-causing displacement of hair bundle

17
Q

how do semicircular canals work

A

in pairs

18
Q

yaw rotation

A

head rotation to the right excites the right horizontal canal + inhibits the left horizontal canal

19
Q

VOR

A

vestibulo-ocular reflex

20
Q

what does VOR allow

A

function to stabilize gaze

21
Q

VOR- head rotation sensed by semicircular canals leads to eye rotation in what direction

A

opposite direction

22
Q

VOR ex- head rotation to the right

A

greater firing rate in right horizontal canal compared to left horizontal canal ->
activation of left lateral rectus + right medial rectus ->
both left + right eyes move to the left

23
Q

what is VOR impacted by

A

unilateral vestibular deficits

24
Q

VCR

A

vestibulocervical reflex

25
Q

what tract does VCR involve

A

medial vestibulospinal tract

26
Q

VCR- neck muscles are activated in response to what

A

head pitch rotation

27
Q

VSR

A

vestibulospinal reflex

28
Q

what tracts does VSR involve (2)

A

lateral + medial vestibulospinal tracts

29
Q

how does VSR work

A

inputs from otolith organs activates ipsilateral antigravity muscles