Quiz #7 Flashcards by Madison Allen

The description of angular motion without regard to its cause

angular kinematics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All parts on the object of interest move through the same angle, but do not undergo the same linear displacement

angular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two lines that intersect at a vertex
- vertex (axis, joint)

angle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of angular motion in human movement

about an axis through a joint
about the center of mass
about an external axis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of angular motion in human movement
- Each assumes that the axis is _
- Often only have an instantaneous _ _ _

stationary
center of rotation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Angular kinematics units of measurement

Revolution (rev)
Degree (deg)
Radian (rad)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1 deg = _ of a revolution

1/360

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Unit is dimensionless

radian

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Angular kinematics types of angles

absolute angles (segment angles)
relative angles (joint angles)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describes the orientation of a segment in space
- in the body, reported with respect to a right horizontal at the distal end of the segment
- counterclockwise (ccw) is positive

absolute angle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Theta = tan^-1 ((Yproximal - Ydistal) / (Xproximal - Xdistal))

absolute angle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describes the orientation of a joint in space
- Reported as the acute angle
- Counterclockwise (ccw) is positive

Relative angle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

May be computed using:
- Law of cosines
- Biomechanical (using segment angles)

relative angle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

May be computed by knowing the coordinates of the proximal and distal end of the segment

absolute angle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relative angle
- assumes anatomical = 0 degrees
- provides the amount of movement from anatomical position

Segment angles (biomechanical angle)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Hip
- Theta hip = _

Theta hip = Theta thigh - Theta trunk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Hip
- if Theta hip = 0 then thigh and trunk are _

aligned

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Hip
- if Theta hip > 0 then hip is _

flexed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Hip
- if Theta hip < 0 then hip is _

extended

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Hip
- In walking Theta hip oscillates _ _ _
- In running Theta hip oscillates _ _ _

20 deg about 0
35 deg about 0

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Knee
- Theta knee = _

Theta knee = Theta thigh - Theta shank

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Knee
- If Theta knee = 0 then thigh and shank are _

aligned

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Knee
- If Theta knee > 0 then knee is _

flexed

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles)
- Knee
- If Theta knee < 0 then knee is _

extended (hyperextended)

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Knee - If Theta knee decreases the knee is -

extending

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Knee - In walking Theta knee oscillates _ - In running Theta knee oscillates _

- 0-50 deg - 0-80 deg

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Ankle - Theta ankle = _

Theta ankle = Theta foot - Theta shank - 90

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Ankle - If Theta ankle = 0 then shank and foot are _

perpendicular

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Ankle - If Theta ankle > 0 then ankle is _

dorsiflexed

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Ankle - If Theta ankle < 0 then ankle is _

plantarflexed

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Ankle - In walking Theta ankle oscillates _ _ _ - In running Theta ankle oscillates _ _ _

- 20 deg about 0 - 35 deg about 0

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Rearfoot angle (motion of subtalar joint in frontal plane) - Theta RF = _

Theta RF = Theta shank - Theta calcaneus

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Rearfoot angle (motion of subtalar joint in frontal plane) - If Theta RF = 0 then shank and calcaneus are _

neutral

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Rearfoot angle (motion of subtalar joint in frontal plane) - If Theta RF > 0 then the rearfoot is _

inverted

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Rearfoot angle (motion of subtalar joint in frontal plane) - If Theta RF < 0 then the rearfoot is _

everted

Relative angle: using biomechanical angles (segment angles) - Rearfoot angle (motion of subtalar joint in frontal plane) - During gait the value generally at contact is _ and moves toward neutral and possible _ - After midstance it moves toward _

- inverted (+), everted (-) - inverted (+)

Relative angle - assumes anatomical = 180 deg - provides body position

Law of cosines

Theta = cos^-1 ((a^2 - b^2 - c^2) / (-2bc))

law of cosines

Know how to do absolute angle using tangent calculation

Tan^-1 ((Yp - Yd) / (Xp-Xd))

Know how to do relative angle using biomechanical calculations

- Theta hip = Theta thigh - Theta trunk - Theta knee = Theta thigh - Theta shank - Theta ankle = Theta foot - Theta shank - 90 - Theta RF = Theta shank - Theta calcaneus

- Angular distance - Angular displacement - Angular speed - Angular velocity - Angular acceleration

Kinematic descriptors

The study of the cause of motion in which all points on the object of interest move through the same displacement in the same time

Linear kinetics

The study of linear forces

linear kinetics

Linear kinetics: Important from a _ perspective - Helps identify why injuries occur and how to prevent them - Helps direct conditioning, training & rehabilitation programs

biomechanical

Any interaction between two objects that causes or has the potential to cause an acceleration

Force

Measured in Newtons (N) = Kg m/s^2

Force

Properties of _ - magnitude - direction - point of application - line of action

force

Linear kinetics: Governed by three basic laws (Principi, sir Isaac Newton, 1687)

- first law - law of inertia - second law - a = ZF / m, ZF = ma - third law - action - reaction

Linear kinetics: Types of forces

- non contact - contact

Linear Kinetics: Types of forces - Non contact = _

gravity

The force of gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between attracting objects and proportional to the product of their masses

law of gravitation

Fg = (Gm1m2)/r^2 - G = _

universal gravitational constant = 6.67*10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2

Linear kinetics: Types of forces - Direct interaction of two or more objects - Ground reaction forces, external forces, friction, fluid, resistance, joint reaction, inertial forces, muscle forces, elastic forces

contact