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Motion Analysis > FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is considered an application of biomechanics?
- space
- animal
- geriatric

A

all of the above

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2
Q

True/False
Linear kinematics is the description of spatial and temporal components of motion

A

True

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3
Q

A vector contains _ and direction

A

magnitude

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4
Q

At the fundamental level we need to quantify the _ and _ characteristics of the movement

A

temporal and spatial

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5
Q

If a piece of equipment records 50Hz, it equals _

A

50 samples/second

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6
Q

In order to quantify how far something traveled, we need to know how far it traveled from the _

A

origin

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7
Q

A vector is a _ line between start and finish

A

straight

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8
Q

If the slope of the position-time graph is negative, velocity is _

A

negative

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9
Q

True/False
If the slope of the position-time graph is 0 then the acceleration is constant

A

True

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10
Q

True/False
A major benefit of using @ velocity method: allows for the velocity-time values to line up

A

True

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11
Q

Moving in a positive direction and slowing down, the acceleration should be _

A

negative

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12
Q

A _ is the interval from one event on one leg until the same event on the same leg following contact

A

stride

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13
Q

True/False
During the normal gait cycle, if a female is walking at 1.14 m/s they are likely to have a gait impairment

A

True

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14
Q

During the gait cycle, initial contact is responsible for _ of the gait cycle

A

0-2%

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15
Q

Average gait velocity for a male

A

1.43 m/s

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16
Q

The _ method for calculating velocity can accurately measure step velocity

A

between

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17
Q

During projectile motion, the _ velocity is always decreasing from the instant of release

A

vertical

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18
Q

True/False
During projectile motion, the vertical displacement is always increasing, the vertical velocity is always decreasing and the vertical acceleration is constant at the moment of release

A

False

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19
Q

What significantly influences time and length

A

speed

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20
Q

During a shot put, apex is _ contact of the ground

A

less than

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21
Q

In order to maximize the range of ideal projection angle should be _ degrees

A

45

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22
Q

True/False
A single degree is equal to 1/360 of a revolution

A

True

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23
Q

A _ angle describes the orientation of a segment in space

A

absolute

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24
Q

True/False
1 degree = 1/360 revolution and 1 radian is = to 57.3 degrees

A

True

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25
Q

Relative angle using the biomechanical angle, assumes anatomical psoition is _

A

0 degrees

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26
Q

Linear kinetics is the study of the _ of motion in which all the points on the object of interest move through the same displacement in the same time

A

cause

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27
Q

Force Body Diagram
Vector B - force applied to the body from the ground

A

Ground Reaction Force

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28
Q

During walking, if the anterior-posterior (AP) forces are symmetrical, then the person is walking at a _ speed

A

constant

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29
Q

True/False
An impulse can change the momentum of an object

A

True

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30
Q

True/False
During running, vertical GRF is 2-7x the retrospective persons body weight

A

False

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31
Q

Impulse changes relative to the _ of an object

A

momentum

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32
Q

Most important factor when calculating impulse

A

change in velocity

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33
Q

The force of friction depends upon the coefficient of friction and the _ force

A

perpendicular

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34
Q

True/False
Dynamic coefficient of friction can be calculated by dividing mediolateral GRF by the vertical GRF

A

False

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35
Q

Inertia is defined as the _ of an object

A

resistance

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36
Q

True/False
A human in a tucked position rotating in the transverse plane has less moment of inertia compared to someone who is rotating in the longitudinal plane

A

False

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37
Q

Eccentric (off-centered) forces have a tendency to cause _ and _ motion

A

linear and rotational

38
Q

Which bat has the least moment of inertia?

A

Bat B - donut is closer to person

39
Q

True/False
Assuming you are calculating for torque, a force applied at an angle will always apply a greater amount of force than a force applied perfectly perpendicular form the line of action

A

False

40
Q

Levers can be classified according to the relative positions of the _, effort force, and resistive force

A

fulcrum

41
Q

Human actions best describes a 2nd class lever system

A

calf raise

42
Q

True/False
The mechanical effort for a lever is calculated by dividing the effort arm by the resistance arm and if the mechanical is >1

A

True

43
Q

Muscles usually have a _ effort arm as it inserts close to the axis

A

small

44
Q

Power is the product of _ and velocity

A

flow

45
Q

The force of muscles are resolved into two components which are the parallel and _ vectors

A

perpendicular

46
Q

During a bench press, the total amount of work completed mechanically is _

A

zero

47
Q

Energy is defined as the capacity to do work and potential energy is due to _

A

position

48
Q
  • head in neutral position
  • upright torso
  • knees tracking over (but not beyond) toes
  • feet shoulder width
  • weight on heels
  • crease of hips below parallel
  • string lumbar
A

the perfect squat

49
Q

_ muscles in the lumbar spine, hip, abdomen and around the hip and pelvis

A

29

50
Q

Upper crossed syndrome: anterior
_ inhibited
_ facilitated

A
  • deep cervical flexors
  • SCM / pectoralis
51
Q

Upper crossed syndrome: posterior
_ inhibited
_ facilitated

A
  • upper trap / levator scapula
  • lower trap / serratus anterior
52
Q

Lower crossed syndrome: anterior
_ inhibited
_ factilitated

A
  • abdominals
  • rectus femoris / illiopsoas
53
Q

Lower crossed syndrome: posterior
_ inhibited
_ factilitated

A
  • thoraco-lumbar extensors
  • gluteus min/med/max
54
Q

_ at the ankle include tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius, assisted by extensor hallucis longus

A

dorsiflexors

55
Q

_ at the ankle are gastrocnemius and soleus, assisted by tibialis posterior, plantaris, peroneus longus, flexor hallucis longus, peroneus brevis, and digitorum longus

A

plantar flexors

56
Q

What muscles are responsible for toe flexion?

A
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor digitorum brevis
  • quadratus plantae
  • lumbricals
  • interossei
57
Q

What muscles are responsible for toe extension?

A
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor digitorum brevis
58
Q

What muscles are responsible for inversion?

A
  • tibialis posterior
  • tibialis anterior
59
Q

What muscles are responsible for eversion?

A
  • peroneus longus
  • peroneus brevis
  • assisted by peroneus tertius
60
Q

What muscles contribute to flexion at the knee?

A
  • the hamstrings,
  • assisted by: gracilis, sartorius, popliteus, and gastrocnemius
61
Q

What muscles contribute to extension at the knee?

A

The quadriceps muscles

62
Q

Loads at the knee:
Compression at the _ _ is the _ _ of _ in the _ (Fm) and the _ _ (Ft)

A
  • patellofemoral joint
  • vector sum
  • tension
  • quadriceps
  • patellar tendon
63
Q

Loads at the knee:
With increased flexion at the knee, compression _ because of the _ _ of the force vectors and increased _ requirement in the quadriceps to maintain body position

A
  • increases
  • changed orientation
  • tension
64
Q

Need stable hip and stable ankle for a _ _

A

stable knee

65
Q

What movements of the femur are facilitated by pelvic tilt?
- posterior

A

femoral movement: flexion

66
Q

What movements of the femur are facilitated by pelvic tilt?
- anterior

A

femoral movement: extension

67
Q

What movements of the femur are facilitated by pelvic tilt?
- lateral (to opposite side)

A

femoral movement: abduction

68
Q

Our musculoskeletal system is based on a principle called _ , in which the muscles and ligaments alternate roles in maintaining tension in a joint

A

tensegrity

69
Q

Phases of the gait cycle:
- stance phase = _
- swing phase = _

A
  • 62%
  • 38%
70
Q

Gait cycle:
There are two periods of _ _ in which one extremity is in initial contact and the other one leaves the ground

A

“double support”

71
Q

Gait cycle:
At normal walking speed each period of double support occupies _ of the gait cycle which is a total duration of _ of the gait cycle, normally _ is used

A
  • 11%
  • 22%
  • 20%
72
Q

Gait cycle:
The body is supported on a single limb for a duration which makes _ of the gait cycle

A

80%

73
Q

Gait analysis:
stance phase
- Loading response

A
  • heel strike
  • dorsi assist
74
Q

Gait analysis:
stance phase
- mid stance

A
  • foot flat
  • no assist
75
Q

Gait analysis:
stance phase
- terminal stance
- pre-swing

A
  • heel off
  • plantar assist
76
Q

Gait analysis:
swing phase

A
  • Toe off
  • Heel strike
  • dorsi assist
77
Q

Phases of running/sprinting cycle:
stance phase = _
swing phase = _

A
  • 40%
  • 60%
78
Q
  • total body structural alignment
  • dynamic flexibility and neuromuscular control form a bilateral standing posture
A

OHS assessment

79
Q

Squatting requires optimal motion in the ankles, knees, and hips - having the arms elevated overhead

A
  • stresses the musculature surrounding the shoulder complex
  • increases the demand placed upon the core stabilizing muscles
80
Q

To perform the OHS correctly without compensation in structural alignment, one must demonstrate:

A
  • optimal and bilaterally symmetrical dynamic range of motion at each joint (length-tension relationships)
  • optimal force-couple relationship (proper recruitment strategies)
81
Q

OHS solutions table:
Anterior
- Foot
- Compensation: _
- Flexibility exercise: _
- Strength exercise: _

A
  • foot turns out
  • calf stretch, hamstring stretch, standing TFL stretch
  • single-leg balance reach
82
Q

OHS solutions table:
Anterior
- knee
- Compensation: _
- Flexibility exercise: _
- Strength exercise: _

A
  • moves inward
    • adductor stretch, hamstring stretch, TFL stretch, calf stretch
    • Lateral tube walk, ball squat w/adbuction & adduction
  • moves outward
    • piriformis stretch, hamstring stretch, TFL stretch
    • ball squat w/adduction
    • ball bridge w/adduction
83
Q

OHS solutions table:
Lateral
- LPHC
- Compensation: _
- Flexibility exercise: _
- Strength exercise: _

A
  • excessive forward lean
    • calf stretch, hip flexor stretch, ball abdominal stretch
    • ball squat
  • low back arches
    • hip flexor stretch, latissimus dorsi stretch
    • ball squat, floor bridge, ball bridge
  • low back rounds
    • hamstring stretch, adductor magnus stretch
    • floor cobra, ball cobra, ball back extension
84
Q

OHS solutions table:
Lateral
- LPHC
- Compensation: _
- Flexibility exercise: _
- Strength exercise: _

A
  • arms fall forward
    • latissumus dorsi stretch, pec stretch, SMR thoracic spine
    • Floor cobra, ball cobra, squat to row
  • forward head
    • levator scapula stretch, scalene stretch
    • tuck chin, keeping head in neutral position during all exercises
  • shoulder elevation
    • upper trap stretch, levator scapulae stretch
    • floor cobra, ball cobra
85
Q

OHS solutions table:
Posterior
- LPHC
- Compensation: _
- Flexibility exercise: _
- Strength exercise: _

A
  • asymmetrical weight shift
  • adductor stretch (same side), tensor fascia latae stretch, piriformis stretch, hamstring stretch (opposite side)
  • gluteus medius (same side), adductor complex (opposite side)
86
Q

OHS solutions table:
Posterior
- Foot
- Compensation: _
- Flexibility exercise: _
- Strength exercise: _

A
  • foot flattens
    • calf stretch, hamstring stretch, standing TFL stretch
    • single-leg balance reach, single-leg medial calf raise
  • heel raises
    • soleus stretch
    • single-leg balance reach, single-leg squat
87
Q

Phases of vertical jumping

A
  • preparation
  • takeoff
  • airborne
  • landing
88
Q

Phases of vertical jumping:
- flexion of knees and hips
- static, organized spine, extension of shoulders & elbows

A

preparation phase

89
Q

Phases of vertical jumping:
- extension of knees and hips, plantar flexion of ankles
- static, organized spine, flexion of shoulders & elbows

A

takeoff phase

90
Q

Phases of vertical jumping:
- begins after feet leave the ground
- thoracic extension, maximum extension of hips and knees, plantar flexion of ankles, maximum shoulder flexion & elbow extension

A

airborne phase

91
Q

Phases of vertical jumping:
- starts once feet make contact again
- thoracic flexion, hip & knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, shoulder & elbow extension

A

landing phase

Motion Analysis (14 decks)

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