Quiz #12 Flashcards
The study of the cause of angular motion
angular kinetics
Linear: mass
Angular: _
moment of inertia
Linear: force
Angular: _
torque
Linear: momentum
Angular: _
angular momentum
Linear: Newton’s laws
Angular: _
Newton’s Laws (angular analogs)
The resistance of an object to a change in motion
inertia
quantified as mass
linear inertia
The property of an object that resists changes in angular motion
- quantified as the object’s moment of inertia
angular inertia
Ia = ZMiri^2
Units: Kg * m^2
moment of inertia
Affected by:
- mass
- how the mass is distributed relative to the axis of rotation
moment of inertia
Humans _ their moments of inertia
manipulate
When mass is distributed closer to the axis of rotation the moment of inertia is _
smaller
Centric forces tend to result in _
linear motion
Eccentric (off-centered) forces have a tendency to cause _ and _ forces
linear and rotational
- quantification of the rotational effect of an eccentric force
- depends on:
- T = (F x d)
- Unit: Nm
- Amount of force
- Length of moment arm
Torque (moment of force, moment)
- segment mass
- External objects
- Muscle
- eccentric to the axis of rotation
potential forces of torque
Defined as the turning effect of a force on a body
- when force is applied which causes a rotation
torque/moment of force
_ and _ are used interchangeably in literature
moment and torque
Two important characteristics
- magnitude of force
- shortest of perpendicular distance from the pivot point to the line of action of the force
T = F x r
formula for torque
The distance between the axis of rotation and the force
- muscle line of action is eccentric to the axis of rotation
moment arm of muscle
- Fulcrum
- Effort force, effort arm
- Resistance force, resistance arm
levers
Levers are classified according to the _
relative position of the fulcrum, effort force and resistive force
