Quiz 6 Cards (Exam 3)

Question 1

What is the study of the relationships between energy and work associated with chemical and physical processes?

Answer 1

Thermodynamics

Question 2

What is a process that occurs naturally under certain conditions?

Answer 2

Spontaneity

Question 3

What must be “driven” by the continual input of energy from an external force?

Answer 3

Non-Spontaneous

Question 4

Are spontaneity and speed correlated?

Answer 4

They are not correlated

Question 5

What are the effects of spontaneity?

Answer 5

• Dispersal of matter and energy
• Uniform dispersal

Question 6

What is the dispersal of energy (molecular randomness/chaos)?

Answer 6

Entropy

Question 7

Does positive theta S (change in entropy) favor spontaneity?

Answer 7

Positive theta S does favor spontaneity

Question 8

What factors can predict Theta S?

Answer 8

• Phases
• Temperature
• Dissociating Ions

Question 9

How is Theta S related to phase changes?

Answer 9

Ssolid<Sliquid<Sgas

Question 10

How is Theta S related to temperature?

Answer 10

As temperature increases, entropy (Theta S) increases

Question 11

What does more vibration (in temperature) equal?

Answer 11

Solid phase

Question 12

What does more translation (in temperature) equal?

Answer 12

Liquid and gas phases

Question 13

How is Theta S related to dissociating ions?

Answer 13

Dissociating ions=higher entropy

Question 14

Is Theta Suniverse greater or less than 0 when it’s spontaneous?

Answer 14

It is greater than 0 (positive)

Question 15

Is Theta Suniverse greater or less than 0 when it’s nonspontaneous?

Answer 15

It is less than 0 (negative)

Question 16

What is the equation for Theta Ssurrounding?

Answer 16

-Theta H system divided by T

Question 17

When are the only times you can predict the sign of Theta Suniverse?

Answer 17

• When both are positive
• When both are negative

Question 18

What is the equation for Theta Suniverse?

Answer 18

Theta Ssystem + Theta Ssurrounding

Question 19

What is the Gibbs Free Energy Equation?

Answer 19

Theta G= Theta H- T Theta S

Question 20

Is it spontaneous or non-spontaneous when Suniverse <0 and Theta G>0?

Answer 20

Non-spontaneous

Question 21

Is it spontaneous or non-spontaneous when Suniverse=0 and Theta G= 0?

Answer 21

Equilibrium

Question 22

Is it spontaneous or non-spontaneous when Suniverse>0 and Theta G < 0?

Answer 22

Spontaneous