Quiz 6 Cards (Exam 3) Flashcards
What is the study of the relationships between energy and work associated with chemical and physical processes?
Thermodynamics
What is a process that occurs naturally under certain conditions?
Spontaneity
What must be “driven” by the continual input of energy from an external force?
Non-Spontaneous
Are spontaneity and speed correlated?
They are not correlated
What are the effects of spontaneity?
- Dispersal of matter and energy
- Uniform dispersal
What is the dispersal of energy (molecular randomness/chaos)?
Entropy
Does positive theta S (change in entropy) favor spontaneity?
Positive theta S does favor spontaneity
What factors can predict Theta S?
- Phases
- Temperature
- Dissociating Ions
How is Theta S related to phase changes?
Ssolid<Sliquid<Sgas
How is Theta S related to temperature?
As temperature increases, entropy (Theta S) increases
What does more vibration (in temperature) equal?
Solid phase
What does more translation (in temperature) equal?
Liquid and gas phases
How is Theta S related to dissociating ions?
Dissociating ions=higher entropy
Is Theta Suniverse greater or less than 0 when it’s spontaneous?
It is greater than 0 (positive)
Is Theta Suniverse greater or less than 0 when it’s nonspontaneous?
It is less than 0 (negative)
What is the equation for Theta Ssurrounding?
-Theta H system divided by T
When are the only times you can predict the sign of Theta Suniverse?
- When both are positive
- When both are negative
What is the equation for Theta Suniverse?
Theta Ssystem + Theta Ssurrounding
What is the Gibbs Free Energy Equation?
Theta G= Theta H- T Theta S
Is it spontaneous or non-spontaneous when Suniverse <0 and Theta G>0?
Non-spontaneous
Is it spontaneous or non-spontaneous when Suniverse=0 and Theta G= 0?
Equilibrium
Is it spontaneous or non-spontaneous when Suniverse>0 and Theta G < 0?
Spontaneous
