Quiz 4 Cards (Exam 2) Flashcards
Which definition defines an acid as “producing H+ in aqueous solutions”? (ex: HCl)
The Arrhenius Definition
Which definition defines a base as “producing OH- in aqueous solutions”? (ex: NaOH)
The Arrhenius Definition
Which definition describes an acid as “a proton/H+ DONOR”?
The Bronsted-Lowry Definition
Which definition describes a base as “a proton/H+ ACCEPTOR”?
The Brønsted-Lowry Definition
What are substances that can act as an acid AND base? (ex: H20)
Amphoteric
Which definition describes an acid as “an electron pair ACCEPTOR”?
Lewis Acid-Base Definition
Which definition describes a base as “an electron pair DONOR”?
Lewis Acid-Base Definition
What makes strong acids and bases “strong”?
They are considered strong when there is COMPLETE ionization
(they are NOT at equilibrium/you CAN’T use an equilibrium expression for them)
What are the six strong acids?
HCl
HNO3
HI
HBr
H2SO4
HClO4
What are the six strong bases?
are ALL group 1 and 2 metals paired w/ OH
NaOH
LiOH
KOH
Ca(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
Are weak acids and bases at equilibrium?
Yes (you can make equilibrium expressions for these)
What does Kw= [H3O+] [OH-] equal?
1.0 x 10 to the -14 @ 25 degrees celcius
When something is acidic, is [H3O+] larger or smaller than [OH-]?
It is bigger than [OH-]
When something is basic, is [H3O+] larger or smaller than [OH-]?
It is smaller than [OH-]
What makes something neutral?
When [H3O+] is equal to [OH-]
What is the equation for pH?
pH= -log [H3O+]
What is the equation for pOH?
pOH= -log [OH-]
In regards to pH, what makes something acidic?
When the pH level is less than 7
In regards to pH, what makes something basic?
When the pH level is greater than 7
In regards to pH, what makes something neutral?
When the pH level is equal to 7
What is the equation that relates pH AND pOH?
14=pH+pOH
What is the equation that relates conjugate acid-base pairs?
Ka x Kb= Kw
A larger Ka equals what?
A stronger acid
A larger Kb equals what?
A stronger base
The validity of x is ______% or less of the initial concentration
5%
Neutral salts come from the anion of a strong _______ and the cation of a strong _______
- Acid*
Base
Basic salts come from the cation of a strong and the anion is the * _________ of a weak acid*
Base
Conjugate base
In acidic salts, the cation is a _________ of a weak base/the anion is a strong ______
Conjugate acid
Acid
What resists pH change?
Buffer
What components go into choosing a buffer?
Preparation (acid and base concentrations must be large
Buffering range
Capacity
What will neutralize acid and base?
[Base]=[Acid]
What will neutralize an acid?
[Base]>[Acid]
What will neutralize a base?
[Acid]>[Base]
