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Chemistry II > Intermolecular Forces > Flashcards

Intermolecular Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

What types of molecules have electrons that ARE shared equally/the electrons are NOT moved in one particular direction (ex: CF4)

A

Non-polar molecules

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2
Q

ALL hydrocarbons are what (ex: C3H3)?

A

Non-polar

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3
Q

What types of molecules have electrons that are NOT shared equally/the electrons ARE moved in one specific direction (ex: CHF3)?

A

Polar molecules

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4
Q

What do polar molecules tend to be?

A

Dipole

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5
Q

What are forces between molecules that can determine the property of a substance called?

A

Intermolecular forces (IMF)

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6
Q

Which type of IMF is being described?:
- Everything has _______
- is the WEAKEST type of IMF
- single atoms only have _______
- ex: Kr (Krypton)

A

London Dispersion

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7
Q

Which type of IMF is being described?:
- occurs between POLAR molecules
- creates PERMANENT ______ (they will always stick together after initial attraction)
- has stronger IMF than London dispersion
- ex: 2 HBr molecules

A

Dipole-Dipole

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8
Q

Which type of IMF is being described?:
- not really a traditional bond
- occurs between specific atoms (O-H, F-H, N-H)
- partial charges are more EXTREME than dipole-dipole
- stronger IMF than dipole-dipole
- ex: 2 H2O atoms

A

Hydrogen “bonding”

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9
Q

Which type of IMF is being described?:
- half IONIC and half DIPOLE
- charges are FULL, not partial
- STRONGEST IMF
- ex: Na+ in H20

A

Ion-Dipole

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10
Q

For IMF, larger charges equal what?

A

Stronger attraction

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11
Q

For IMF, longer distance equals what?

A

Weaker attraction

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12
Q

What is the energy needed to INCREASE the surface area (or break the “skin”) (ex: water bubbling over a cup)?

A

Surface tension

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13
Q

What is the relationship between IMF and surface tension (effect of IMF)?

A

Higher IMF= Higher surface tension (b/c of intense attraction)

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14
Q

What is the resistance of a liquid to flow (thick substance)?

A

Viscosity

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15
Q

What is the relationship between IMF and viscosity (effect of IMF)?

A

Higher IMF= Higher viscosity (b/c they want to stick together)

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16
Q

What is the ability of a liquid to move up a thin line AGAINST gravity?

A

Capillary action

17
Q

What are the attractions (IMF) WITHIN A substance (ex: mercury in a test tube)?

A

Cohesive forces

18
Q

Do cohesive forces have weak or strong adhesive forces?

A

Weak adhesive forces

19
Q

What are the attractions (IMF) BETWEEN TWO substances (ex: water in a test tube)?

A

Adhesive forces

20
Q

What are the determinants of IMF strength?

A

Molar mass and surface area

21
Q

What is the relationship between molar mass and boiling point?

A

Higher molar mass=Higher boiling point

22
Q

What is special about the aspect of surface area in IMF strength?

A

If the molar masses are equal, the one with a HIGHER surface area has HIGHER IMF

23
Q

What is the transition from a liquid to a gas (phase change) (ex: when a rain puddle disappears after a few days)?

A

Vaporization

24
Q

What is the transition from a gas to a liquid (phase change)?

A

Condensation

25
Q

What are the effects of vaporization?

A

1.) Temperature/Energy
2.) IMF
3.) Surface Area

26
Q

What is the relationship between temperature/energy with vaporization?

A

Higher vaporization=Higher temperature

27
Q

What is the relationship between IMF and vaporization?

A

Higher vaporization=Less strength of IMF (ex: it takes more energy to break apart stronger magnets than weak ones)

28
Q

What is the relationship between surface area and vaporization?

A

Higher vaporization=Higher surface area

29
Q

Is vaporization exothermic or endothermic?

A

ENDOthermic (+) (is TAKING energy)

30
Q

What is the first step of comparing molecules vapor pressure, boiling point, and IMF?

A

You can compare the TYPES/NUMBER of IMF the molecules have (the more IMFs they have, the HIGHER their boiling points are and the LOWER their vaporization and vapor pressure)

31
Q

What is the second step of comparing molecules vapor pressure, boiling point, and IMF?

A

You can compare how many H-BONDS they have (the more H-bonds they have, the HIGHER IMF they have, the HIGHER boiling points they have, and the LOWER their vaporization and vapor pressure are)

32
Q

What is the third step of comparing molecules vapor pressure, boiling point, and IMF?

A

You can compare the molecules’ molar masses (the HIGHER the molar mass, the HIGHER the boiling point; the HIGHER the boiling point, the LOWER the vapor pressure and vaporization)

33
Q

What is the relationship between boiling point and vapor pressure?

A

Higher boiling point=Lower vapor pressure

34
Q

What is the relationship between boiling point and vaporization?

A

Higher boiling point=Lower vaporization

35
Q

What is the temperature at which a liquid’s vapor pressure equals external pressure (atmospheric pressure)?

A

Boiling

36
Q

What is the boiling point when surrounding pressure equals 1 atm?

A

Normal boiling point

37
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and vapor pressure?

A

Higher temperature=Higher vapor pressure

Chemistry II (12 decks)

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