Quiz 6 Flashcards
why are outcomes used in OT
- Evaluate change over time (treatment effectiveness, maturation, decline in status)
- Discriminate between or among different groups (diagnosis, classification)
- Predict future status (diagnosis or outcome)
international classification of function (ICF) model
health condition
body function and structure (impairment), activities (limitation), participation (restriction)
environmental and personal factors
what constructs DASH measures
30 item self report questionnaire that assesses musculo disorders of upper limbs
Quick DASH - 11 items
impairment - 5 questions
activity - 19 questions
participation - 3 questions
interpret DASH scores
a higher score indicate a greater level of disability and severity, whereas, lower scores indicate a lower level of disability. The score on both test ranges from 0 (no disability) to 100 (most severe disability)
applicability
able to read and interpret, time to administer, administration burden, cultural applicability
reliability
consistency, repeatability, stability
Internal consistency
Instrumental reliability: test retest
Inter rater reliability
Standard error measure
validity
measures what it is intended to measure
Construct validity: ceiling or floor effect; how well does the test measure the theoretical concept
Content validity: if test represents the content properly
what does responsiveness of a patient-centered questionnaire mean
Ability of an instrument to measure clinically important change over time; essential when evaluating the relative benefits of different interventions
Known amount of error of an instrument
Calculated by the Standard Response Mean (SRM) and Effect Size (ES)
SRM: mean change divided by standard deviation of change scores
ES: mean change divided by standard deviation of baseline score
meaning of 1/2 life of a medication
The time it takes to get one-half of the drug distributed in this initial compartment is the alpha half-life.
- It takes 5 half-lives to reach steady state when you initiate a drug
The time it takes to get one-half of the drug eliminated from the body is the beta half-life.
- It takes 5 half-lives to eliminate all of the drug when you stop it
tolerance
happens when a person no longer responds to a drug in the way they did at first. So it takes a higher dose of the drug to achieve the same effect as when the person first used it. This is why people with substance use disorders use more and more of a drug to get the “high” they seek.
addiction
can result from taking drugs or alcohol repeatedly. If a person keeps using a drug and can’t stop, despite negative consequences from using the drug, they have an addiction
side effects of steroid (prednisone)
- ***Breakdown of bone, ligaments, muscle, and skin
- Adrenocortical suppression, **patients must wean off the drug
- Cushing’s syndrome, round puffy face, redistribution of fat, hypertension, osteoporosis, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), glucose intolerance
- Increased susceptibility for infections, peptic ulcer, mood swings, glaucoma
- Anxiety, sleeplessness
- Breakdown of connective tissue, bone, and muscle
side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
- CNS: headaches, tinnitus, and dizziness
- Cardiovascular: fluid retention, hypertension, edema
- GI: abdominal pain, dysplasia, nausea, vomiting, and ulcers or bleeding
- Hematologic: rare platelets, anemia
- Hepatic: abnormal liver function tests and liver failure
- Pulmonary: asthma
- Skin: rashes, pruritus
- Renal- renal insufficiency or failure
clinical manifestations of trigger finger
- Tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon sheath. - Thickening occurs and a nodule forms.
- The nodules become stuck between the A1 and A2 pulleys
- The digit becomes stuck in flexion
- **Most common in the long and ring finger, thumb on dominant hand
causes of trigger finger
- Repetitive gripping
- Pressure over palm
- Tendinitis
- Individual’s tendency to collect fluid around their tendons
- Cause is likely multifactorial
More common in women aged 5th and 6th decade of life
**Diabetic individual at risk
