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Musculoskeltal I > Musculo quiz 2 > Flashcards

Musculo quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of connective tissue

A

loose (binds skin to organs)
dense (tendons and ligaments)
cartilage (hyaline)

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2
Q

regular connective tissue

A

regularly arranged collagen fibers (deep fascia, aponeurosis, ligaments, tendons); resists tension well that is parallel to the fibers

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3
Q

irregular connective tissue

A

loose irregular (sheaths between muscles, subcutaneous, superficial fascia) and dense irregular (dermis, connective tissue, joint capsules)

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4
Q

2 things that make up extracellular matrix in connective tissue

A

ground substance (viscous gel that supports/strengthens) and collagen fibers (support/elasticity)

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5
Q

2 types of cells in connective tissue

A

resident (all the -blasts; synthesis/maintenance) OR circulating (-cytes,-phages; defense and clean up)

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6
Q

ultimate strain

A

strain to the point of failure (deformity)

ex) tendon rupture

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7
Q

tensile strain

A

maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretch or pulled before breaking

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8
Q

hysteresis

A

loss of energy when forces is applied (energy dissipates)

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9
Q

Collagen I

A

main component of bone; skin, tendon, vascular binding, organs

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10
Q

Collagen II

A

main component of cartilage

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11
Q

Collagen III

A

main component of reticular fibers

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12
Q

Collagen IV

A

forms bases of cell membrane

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13
Q

Collagen V

A

cell surfaces, hair, placenta

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14
Q

in relaxed states, collagen fibers look

A

wavy/crimpy

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15
Q

tensile load

A

2 externally applied forces acting in opposite directions

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16
Q

tensile stress

A

tensile force applied in the direction of the applied force

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17
Q

function of ligament

A

attach bone to bone

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18
Q

biomechanical properties of ligaments

A

resists tensile forces in direction of fibers, reinforces joint capsule in areas of increased stress, provides stability, more or less elastic

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19
Q

function of tendon

A

attach muscle to bone

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20
Q

biomechanical properties of tendons

A

produce torque around joint, stablizies, slightly elastic, tensile strength is placed on the tendon with active contraction of associated muscle vs passive lengthening

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21
Q

Common to both ligaments and tendons

A

surrounded by loose areolar connective tissue that forms sheaths

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22
Q

open kinetic chain

A

gravity’s pull is most responsible

ex) bicep curl, bench press

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23
Q

closed kinetic chain

A

to depress and raise body against gravity

ex) pushing up from a chair

24
Q

muscles that provide compressive forces on the humeral head

A

rotator cuff muscles (SITS): supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

25
Q

scapula stabilizers

A

trapezius and serrates anterior

26
Q

static stabilizers of GH joint

A

(end range, stop from hyper mobility)

ligaments/capsule, labrum

27
Q

dynamic stabilizers of GH joint

A

(mid range)

rotator cuff SITS

28
Q

3 dimensional motions of scapula

A

upward rotation, posterior tilt, from internal towards external rotation

29
Q

3 dimensional motions of GH joint

A

spins, rolls, glides, external rotation

30
Q

1st phase

A

0-60 degrees
GH joint: deltoid and supraspinatus
ST joint: upper trap and serratus anterior

31
Q

2nd phase

A

60-120 degrees
GH: deltoid and ant/post cuff mx
ST: upper trap and serratus anterior

32
Q

final phase

A

120-180 degrees
humerus disengages from scapula
scapular force couple - serratus anterior and upper trap provide upper components, and lower trap provides lower component to upwardly rotate scapula

33
Q

Identify muscles that are involved with spasticity following a stroke

A

flaccid supraspinatus and posterior deltoid are primarily responsible; spacity of subscapularis and pectoralis major (inward rotators)

34
Q

Joints at the elbow

A

medial (ulnar) collateral ligaments (tommy john surgery)
radial collateral ligament
annular ligament (stabilizer for rotation at forearm)
lateral ulnar collateral ligament
accessory lateral collateral ligament

35
Q

at 1 DOF

A 
elbow flexion (biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis) and extension (triceps, anconeus), forearm pronation (proximal and distal radioulnar joints; pronator teres and quadratus) and supination (proximal and distal radioulnar joints; supinator and biceps)
*brachioradialis is a pronator and supinator (at neutral it has no effect)
36
Q

varus

A

distal bone towards the body

37
Q

vagus

A

distal bone away from the body

38
Q

Inhibition of elbow flexors

A

flexion of forearm in supination strongly activates biceps; flexion of forearm in pronation deactivates biceps and motion occurs mainly by brachialis

39
Q

activities that create isometric contractions at the elbow

A

static hold of weight

40
Q

activities that create concentric contractions at the elbow

A

bicep curl

41
Q

activities that create eccentric contractions at the elbow

A

lowering a weight in bicep curl

42
Q

contractile unit of muscle

A

myofibril: contractile unit in a muscle fiber
sarcomere: contractile unit of muscle fibers containing actin and myosin

43
Q

golgi tendon organ

A

detects changes in muscle tension; located in origins and insertions

44
Q

muscle spindle

A

detects change in length of muscle; receptors located within the body of muscle

45
Q

active insufficiency

A

when a muscle contracts but isn’t strong enough; when a mx is not able to create its full excursion due to the muscle shortening and not having the available length
ex) arm in a cast

46
Q

passive insufficiency

A

an opposing joint muscle is too short to allow full ROM (muscle is so tight it doesn’t have the length for the therapist to passively extend the muscles

47
Q

slow twitch muscle fibers

A

resistant to fatigue and are contracted from aerobic activity (marathon runner)

48
Q

fast twitch muscle fibers

A

lower resistance to fatigue and are anaerobic (sprinter)

49
Q

fusiform

A

(strap) have parallel fibers to long axis to allow increase ROM (biceps)

50
Q

unipennate

A

have fibers on one side of the tendon (flexor pollicis longus)

51
Q

bipennate

A

have fibers on both sides of the tendon (rectus femoris)

52
Q

multipennate

A

have fibers that converge on several tendons (deltoid)

53
Q

spiral

A

fibers spiral around a long axis (latissimus dorsi)

54
Q

common characteristic of connective tissue in bone - anisotropic

A

different values when measured in different directions; strength and elasticity vary based on orientation in space (ex. wood is stronger across its grain)

55
Q

muscle actions at the proximal radiohumeral joint and elbow

A

pronation and supination, flexion and extension

56
Q

common characteristic of connective tissue in bone - viscoelasticity

A

time dependent (ex. human tissue)

57
Q

common characteristic of connective tissue in bone - hysteresis

A

loss of energy when force is applied (energy dissipates)

Musculoskeltal I (12 decks)

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