Quiz 5

Question 1

5 step process of FDA drug approval

Answer 1

1. discovery/concept
2. preclinical research
3. clinical research
4. FDA review
5. FDA post-market safety monitoring

Question 2

phases of human clinical studies

Answer 2

Phase 1: Small # people, without disease, exposed for toxicity or side effects
Dose finding
(can skip phase 1)

Phase 2: Tested on small patient population to evaluate therapeutic effect and dosage range
** “Open label”, no control group

Phase 3: Multi-center, RCTs
Drug safety is continually monitored, Compares outcome with drug versus no drug or another drug

Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance
Drug safety is monitored throughout the life of the drug
Reports sent to FDA

Question 3

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
(how does it move around)

Question 4

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

the relationship between drug concentration at the active pharmacologic site and the response

Question 5

Toxicology

Answer 5

study of toxins and how they affect the body in drug use

Question 6

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 6

Study of how genetic facts affect drug use or results

Question 7

generic name drug

Answer 7

(chemical name)

referring to the chemical makeup of a drug rather than to the advertised brand name under which the drug is sold

Question 8

trade name drug

Answer 8

a standard term in the pharmaceutical industry for a brand name or trademark name

Question 9

measuring performance skills

Answer 9

strength/rom/dexterity/sensation (MMT, dynamometer, goniometry, dexterity tests, sensation tests)

cognition/home environment/culture (MOCA, home safety checklist, cultural competency checklist)

balance/pain/perception (berg balance test, visual analog scale, McGill pain, test of visual perception)

Question 10

measuring performance patterns

Answer 10

habits/routines/rituals/roles (interview, COPM, role and interest checklists)

Question 11

coxa norma

Answer 11

angle of inclination = 125 degrees

Question 12

coxa valga

Answer 12

increased angle (>125)

Question 13

coxa vara

Answer 13

decreased angle (<125)

Question 14

angle of torsion

Answer 14

one line parallel to the posterior femur condyles and a line through the head and neck of the femur. Normally ~15 degrees

Question 15

anteversion of femur

Answer 15

Inward rotation of the femur
Excessive anteversion overloads the anterior hip including labrum and joint capsule
Causes: congenital or femur fracture
s/s: in-toeing, pain in hips and snapping at hip while walking
*cam impingement

Question 16

retroversion of femur

Answer 16

Backward rotation of the femur
Excessive retroversion crushes the labrum
Causes: abnormal development of acetabulum (too deep), lesions in the head-neck juncture of hip ball, abnormal twist in the femur
s/s: external rotation when weight-bearing, poor balance, poor push off when running, can have out-toeing
*pincer impingement

Question 17

lateral pelvic tilt - hip hike side

Answer 17

weak glut medius, tight quads and adductors

Question 18

lateral pelvic tilt - hip drop side

Answer 18

tight glut medius, weak quads and weak/elongated adductors

would do hip alignment

Question 19

function of medial and lateral meniscus of knee

Answer 19

Crescent shaped bands that are attached to the tibia
Absorbs shock and stabilizes the knee
Stabilizes against valgus and varus motions

Question 20

normal angles of tibiofemoral alignment of knee

Answer 20

Long axis of femur and tibia intersect to create physiological valgus at the knee joint (185-190 degrees)

Question 21

genu valgum

Answer 21

knock knees

compressive forces on lateral condyle

Question 22

genu varum

Answer 22

bow legged

compressive forces on medial condyle

Question 23

open pack position of knee

Answer 23

25 degrees flexion
Position of least amount of joint congruency
Capsule and ligaments are lax
Accessory motion/joint play is maximized

Question 24

closed pack positions of knee

Answer 24

Knee extension
Position of most joint congruency
Capsule and ligaments maximally tight
Accessory motions minimized

Question 25

do’s of everyday OT treatment

Answer 25

common courtesy, what to call the patient, confidentiality, do what you say you will for your patients as far as possible, give full attention

Question 26

don’t of OT treatment

Answer 26

conveyer belt therapy, identical treatment for the same diagnosis (each client has their own personalities, strengths, and weaknesses), breaking protocols

Question 27

legalities of chart notes

Answer 27

*don’t chart during a treatment session, do it right after
referral, initial eval, progress notes, reassessments, discharge summary
Must:
Date all entries
Document missed treatments, facts rather than general
Do not change a legal record after the fact without clarifying the nature/time of change
Addendum to add an item you forgot or as an addition after a note was completed

Question 28

referred pain

Answer 28

pain originating from one site in the body that is perceived as being localized in a different site
From nerve: area of innervation
One area: another derived from same dermatome
One area: another derived from same embryonic segment
Visceral or musculoskeletal in origin

Question 29

types of referred pain

Answer 29

Radicular
Visceral-referred
Myofascial

Question 30

acute pain

Answer 30

Onset: rapid, sudden
Duration: transient (lasts as long as the stimulation persists)
Cause: usually identifiable (injury, surgery, disease process)
Resolution: resolves after successful intervention or healing
Lasts less than 3-6 mo

Cutaneous (skin): localized with greater accuracy
deep somatic: poorly localized
visceral: poorly localized unless innervated

Question 31

chronic pain

Answer 31

Ongoing or recurrent that lasts beyond the usual course of acute illness or injury
Duration more than 3-6 mo to years; adversely affects individual’s well-being
May be due to a chronic condition
Usually lack of success with pain relief; impacts behavior of client (inconsistent, inappropriate, exaggerated)

Question 32

dose response curve

Answer 32

• used to examine the dosage range over which a drug is effective, and at what dose the peak response occurs
• threshold dose
• ceiling effect/max efficacy (no matter how much is given, there is no more of a response)

Question 33

why a drug is considered a drug

Answer 33

any chemical agent that affects any process of living that is used in the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease
prescription and over the counter meds, controlled FDA