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Musculoskeltal I > musculo exam 1 to learn > Flashcards

musculo exam 1 to learn Flashcards

1
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Refers to the movement of the joint surfaces: 3 times of motion may occur (rolling, sliding, spinning)

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2
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Extent of anatomic range is determined by:
Shape of joint surfaces
Joint capsule
Ligaments
Muscle bulk
Surrounding musculo-tendinous and bony structure

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3
Q

scalar

A

only has a magnitude/size

- measures of space
- quantities (time, volume, speed, mass, temp, distance, energy, work)
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4
Q

vector

A
  • has a magnitude/size and a direction
    • acceleration, velocity, momentum, force, inc/dec in temp)
    • ex) muscles
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5
Q

converting kilograms to newtons

A

multiply kilograms by 10

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6
Q

cardiac muscle

A

striated, involuntary, branched cells

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7
Q

smooth muscle

A

circular and long, involuntary, in organs

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8
Q

skeletal muscle

A

striated and voluntary

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9
Q

Frequency of firing of motor units is limited by

A

the need for recovery time before re-firing

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10
Q

Magnitude of contraction is dependent upon the

A

number/frequency of motor units activated

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11
Q

muscular connective tissue superficial to deep

A

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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12
Q

embryonic development germ cell layers superficial to deep

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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13
Q

endochondrial ossification

A

hyaline cartilage model

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14
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

osteoblasts –> spongy bone –> compact bone

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15
Q

remodeling

A

mechanical stress on bone

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16
Q

wolff’s law

A

Remodeling occurs in response to physical stress or lack of it
Bone deposited in sites subject to stress
Bone reabsorbed from sites where there is little stress

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17
Q

cortical bone

A

dense, compact, long bones

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18
Q

cancellous bone

A

trabecular, spongy, marrow cavities

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19
Q

convex on concave

A

convex surface slides in the opposite direction of motion

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20
Q

concave on convex

A

concave surface moves in same direction

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21
Q

Explain the stress-strain curve

A

f we apply a load, there is an area where we start to uncrimp—get to B1
Once we get past B1, we are in danger zone of reaching ultimate failure
Toe—uncrimping of collagen fibrils
O to A
Linear—collagen fibril backbone itself is being stretch which gives rise to a stiffer material
A to B
Failure—as individual fibrils within the ligament or tendon begin to fail, damage accumulates, stiffness is reduced, and the ligament/tendons begin to fail

22
Q

complete spinal cord compression

A

anesthesia (sensation loss), absent motor, deep tendon reflex, and pain

23
Q

mild spinal cord compression

A

paresthesia and hyperesthesia, increased muscle tone, hyper deep tendon reflexes, pain

24
Q

severe spinal cord compression

A

paresthesia and hyperesthesia, decreased muscle tone, hypo deep tendon reflexes, pain

25
Q

scapula stabilizers

A

trapezius and serrates anterior

26
Q

1st phase

A

0-60 degrees
GH joint: deltoid and supraspinatus
ST joint: upper trap and serratus anterior

27
Q

2nd phase

A

60-120 degrees
GH: deltoid and ant/post cuff mx
ST: upper trap and serratus anterior

28
Q

final phase

A

120-180 degrees
humerus disengages from scapula
scapular force couple - serratus anterior and upper trap provide upper components, and lower trap provides lower component to upwardly rotate scapula

29
Q

2 things that make up extracellular matrix in connective tissue

A

ground substance (viscous gel that supports/strengthens) and collagen fibers (support/elasticity)

30
Q

2 types of cells in connective tissue

A

resident (all the -blasts; synthesis/maintenance) OR circulating (-cytes,-phages; defense and clean up)

31
Q

biomechanical properties of ligaments

A

(bone to bone) resists tensile forces in direction of fibers, reinforces joint capsule in areas of increased stress, provides stability, more or less elastic

32
Q

biomechanical properties of tendons

A

(muscle to bone) produce torque around joint, stablizies, slightly elastic, tensile strength is placed on the tendon with active contraction of associated muscle vs passive lengthening

33
Q

biomechanics properties of fibrocartilage

A

(menisci, articular disc) high tensile strength, resists shear stress, some elastic properties, slightly permeable, absorbs weight, joint lubrication

34
Q

properties of hyaline cartilage

A

biomechanical properties: permeable, increase in force = decrease in permeability and decrease in fluid flow
elastic properties: time dependent, quick deformation and recovery
viscoelastic properties: time dependent, slow application of load, slow continual increase in deformation *strong in resisting compression (zone 3) and shear stress (zone 1)

35
Q

Identify common characteristics of connective tissue in bone

A

anisotropic: different values when measured in different directions; strength and elasticity vary based on orientation in space (ex. wood is stronger across its grain)
viscoelasticity: time dependent (ex. human tissue)
hysteresis: loss of energy when force is applied (energy dissipates)

36
Q

Identify muscles that are involved with spasticity following a stroke

A

flaccid supraspinatus and posterior deltoid are primarily responsible; spacity of subscapularis and pectoralis major (inward rotators)

37
Q

Sharpey’s fibers

A

attach the tendons to bones that become continuous with periosteum

38
Q

Golgi tendon organ

A

detects changes in muscle tension, Located in origins and insertions

39
Q

muscle spindle

A

detects change in length of muscle, Located in body of muscle

40
Q

Occupational Functioning Model (OFM)

A

Competence in occupational performance and subsequent feelings of self-empowerment
Believe that people who are competent in their life roles experience a sense of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and life satisfaction
Assumes that the ability to carry out one’s roles, tasks, and activities of life depends on basic abilities and capacities

41
Q

World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning (WHO-ICF)

A

Both occupational therapy (OFM) and the ICF believe that recovery goes beyond remediating impairments, and both focus on the interaction between the person and the environment
ICF is not detailed enough to guide OT practice

42
Q

Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF)

A

Describes the domain and process of the entire practice of OT
Aims to standardize the language of the domain and process of OT
It is expected that OTs will apply pertinent aspects of the framework through the particular conceptual model they choose

43
Q

Clinical Reasoning

A

how you go through therapy with a patient

44
Q

screening

A

to determine whether there are good reasons to enter into therapy

45
Q

overall objective

A

both in agreement about where you are going

46
Q

resources

A

means for doing therapy

47
Q

practice model

A

map of destination

48
Q

other pieces of clinical reasoning

A 
Research—clinical and patient evidence 
Intervention plan and short-term goals
Intervention implementation
Discharge plan
Documentation 
Reflection and development plan
49
Q

docummentation

A

Contact, treatment or visit note
Evaluation report
Progress report
Discharge report

50
Q

assessing context

A

Planning, conducting, and interpreting the results of OT assessment

51
Q

types of context

A

Personal context—individual’s internal environment
Social context—refers to factors in the human environment that enable or deter the person’s occupational function
Cultural context—norms, values, and behaviors related to the community or society in which the occupational function occurs
Payer- reimbursement context—policies and regulations that determine availability and reimbursement of occupational therapy services in various settings

Musculoskeltal I (12 decks)

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