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Human Storyteller - COM 101 > Quiz 6 > Flashcards

Quiz 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cause of the decline of newspapers

A
  1. increased political polarization
  2. lower voter turnout
  3. higher local government expenses
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2
Q
A
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3
Q

pew research center: america gets news

A

order
25% website/app
social media
cable tv
local tv
network tv
radio
3% print

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4
Q

2021 Capitol Insurrection

A

violence and hatred against the media
- erin shaff violence
- noose made from camera cable
- “murder the media” apparel
confidence in the news is at the local level

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5
Q

American journalism evolution

A

beginning = 1690s boston paper that was banned after one issue for anti-british sentiment

1st amendment (1791)

telegraph + associated press (1846) –> news could travel fast

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6
Q

historical foundations of print journalism

A
  • penny press (1830) –> shift away from partisan news
    - more mass audiences
  • Centrist
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7
Q

centrist

A

moderate in their politics and advertiser friendly on the business side

Ex: time + Newsweek
William Greider of the Wash Post

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8
Q

Ethics of Objectivity and Impartiality…how

A
  1. inverted pyramid
  2. two-sides to every story standard
  3. detached 3rd person writing voice
  4. use of quotes from experts
    (Can’t guarantee a lack of bias)
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9
Q

Stories become visual

A

1950s
John Daly the host of “Whats my line?” game show becomes a news anchor for ABC
- Blurred division between the informational and entertainment

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10
Q

“See it Now”

A
  • CBS
  • First and definitive news documentary on American Television
  • reported in depth using a narrative tool
  • tell American audience what was happening in the world
  • investigative mode of journalism (E R Murrow)
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11
Q

Why did TV news gain popularity?

A

More personal and viewers feel a personal regard for the anchors

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12
Q

Unique characteristics of tv

A
  1. viewers often watched news based on what they thing of the anchors
  2. the power of a story is often based on the strength of its visual images
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13
Q

The loss of traditional gatekeepers

A
  • internet emergence led to new organizations
    CNN
  • HuffPost = left
  • Drudge Report and Fox = right
    (non partisan ethic of mainstream journalism)
  • Buzzfeed, Vox, and Vice –> breaking stylistic conventions and targeting younger audiences
  • new search engines for information like google, microsoft, tiktok, youtube (citizen journalism)
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14
Q

Citizen Journalism

A

regular citizens share news/facts with the public without the jurisdiction of a publication
- used by mainstream new organizations to set their agenda

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15
Q

Information Glut

A

Neil Postman (1995)
transforms news and information into a form of garbage…experts are piling up mountains of new data which adds to the problems and anxieties of everyday life
- too many channels of communication
- little thoughtful discussion
- unchecked data

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16
Q

Problems of journalism

A
  1. information glut
  2. no agreement on a basic set of shared facts (2021 insurrection caused by the false facts of conservative media outlets)
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17
Q

Reuven Frank of NBC’s attributes of news

A

the attributes of fiction/drama
- rising and falling action
- structure + conflict
- a beginning, middle, and end
- problem and denouement

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18
Q

news does both

A
  1. storytelling
  2. information gathering
19
Q

what is news?

A

process of gather information and offering selected frames of reference that help the public make sense of important, unusual events in everyday life

20
Q

“The Elements of Journalism” by Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel

A
  1. obligation to truth
  2. first loyalty to citizens
  3. discipline of verification
  4. maintain independence
  5. independent monitor of power (watchdog)
21
Q

How is journalism different?

A

reported, constructed, and edited by journalists who follow certain professional standards and ideals

22
Q

dictators who have attacked news media with claims of “fake news”

A
  1. China
  2. Russia
  3. Serbia
  4. Syria
  5. Hungary
  6. Venezuela
23
Q

Characteristics of News(worthiness)

A
  1. prominence
  2. Deviance
  3. novelty
  4. proximity
  5. Conflict
  6. human interest
  7. timeliness
  8. consequence
  9. usefulness
24
Q

Gwen Ifill

A
  • 1955-2016
  • Washington Post, NYT
  • Politics and City Hall
  • Dealt with racism
  • Presidential debate + 1st nationally televised US public affair program
25
Q

Qualities of a good journalist

A
  1. curiosity
  2. persistence
  3. thick skin
  4. Attention to detail
  5. ability to listen
  6. Impartiality
  7. Critical thinking/skepticism
  8. A love of words
  9. A student/reader of history
  10. Defender of democracy
  11. Gallows of humor
26
Q

Ways to report

A
  1. Direct observation
  2. Interviews
  3. First-hand information
  4. Public records/databases
  5. Online searches
  6. Academic journals
  7. Press conferences/releases
  8. Leaks
27
Q

Interviews

A

the primary method of insight into a story
- requires sufficient preparation and awareness of answers
- different types of interviews

28
Q

tips for interviews

A
  1. identify yourself
  2. be transparent with your aims
  3. know what you are looking for (neutrally)
  4. put your subject at ease
  5. save the controversial questions
  6. Follow up question: why?
  7. paraphrase their points
  8. Final questions/anything to add
  9. Listen
29
Q

types of questions

A

close ended –> short-answer, yes, no, when, where, who?

open-ended –> thoughtful conversation, why, how?

30
Q

Good quotes/soundbites

A
  1. short + punchy
  2. illustrate + amplify
  3. color + emotion
31
Q

First Hand information

A

primary source –> a first hand account
- eye witness, personal documents

secondary sources –> second-hand accounts (not ideal for news)
- newspapers, web, encyclopedias

32
Q

public records/databases

A

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) –> allow the public the right to access public records of all federal agencies

Accurint + Lexis Nexis

33
Q

Online searches

A

Sources: google, court records, obituaries, social media, etc

good: .gov

bad: .com or .biz –> selling something

34
Q

Academic journals

A

engage in a process known as peer review. Experts from certain fields critique studies before publication

35
Q

Press conferences

A

calls together reporters to deliver the information they want to be publiciczed
- offer journalists the opportunity to ask questions
- propaganda related or journalists pummeling figures

36
Q

On the record

A

(most transparent)
Can quote
Can attribute

37
Q

on the background

A

can quote
cannot attribute –> revised attribution

38
Q

on the embargo

A

Can quote
Can attribute

ONLY after a certain period of time has passed

39
Q

off the record

A

Cannot quote
Cannot attribute

stays confidential + not published

40
Q

Leaks

A

the pentagon papers (?)

41
Q

Anonymous sources

A
  • we do it because the figure could be exposed to potential harm, job loss, or other consequences
  • must talk to editor before use
42
Q

questions to ask about anonymous sources?

A
  1. how do they know the information?
  2. whats their motive to tell
  3. have they proven reliable in the past
  4. can we corroborate what they say
43
Q

Absence of Malice

A

Film based on the NYT vs Sullivan case that said individuals could only win a defamation suit if they could prove the reports were published with actual malice (disregard of if the info is false)

44
Q

Dos and Don’ts of reporting

A
  1. identify yourself as a reporter
  2. tell the source about the story
  3. let source respond to criticism
  4. never pay for info
  5. new sleep with source
  6. confirm on or off the record
  7. seek recording permission
  8. never provide story before publishing

Human Storyteller - COM 101 (9 decks)

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