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Human Storyteller - COM 101 > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

Journalism Introduction

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1
Q

Purpose of Journalism

A
  • inform
  • reveal
  • hold the powerful to account
  • without fear or failure
  • give voice to the voiceless
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2
Q

HAMAS/Israel War on Journalists

A

123 PAL journalist/media workers + 3 Lebanese killed while covering Gaza

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3
Q

How many journalists globally were killed

A

2353 media workers and journalists

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4
Q

How many globally imprisoned Journalists

A

320 (67 still missing)

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5
Q

Examples of imprisoned Journalists

A
  1. Evan Gershkovich –> Russia + accused on being a spy
  2. Truong Huy San –> Vietnam + say to be infringing on states interest
  3. Novaya Gazeta (Russia) closed/censored alongside other Russian publications
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6
Q

How many US journalists killed?

A

75

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7
Q

Killed US Journalists Examples

A
  1. Jeff German –> Las Vegas Review was stabbed for doing pieces exposing higher up
  2. The Capitol staff was shot in their office due to a story
  3. Dylan Colby Lyons –> FL was shot while covering a homicide in 2023
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8
Q

How do we unearth the truth + facts

A

When, where, what, who, why, how?

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9
Q

how many people have been shot or killed by the police in the last 12 months

A

1167

black ppl are killed at a rate 2x higher than white people

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10
Q

the first amendment

A

freedom of speech/press/expression

no censorship by the government

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11
Q

Thomas Jefferson quote

A

“I would rather have newspapers with no government than a government without newspapers”

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12
Q

Ida B. Wells

A
  • Black journalist who was born into slavery
    Investigative journalist on racial injustice
  • Lynching
    Inequality
  • Experienced white backlash/censorship
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13
Q

Upton Sinclair

A

Muckraker journalism (exposing systems/reform-minded)
- wrote “The Jungle” –> exposed poor labor conditions in the meat packing industry
- caused the passing of the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug act in 1906

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14
Q

Nick Ut

A
  • Vietnamese American photojournalist
  • Captured one of the most iconic images from the Vietnam war –> terrorized children, burned off clothes
  • Galvanized the anti-war movement
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15
Q

Journalism is often referred to as…

A
  • the first rough draft of history
  • a front row seat to history
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16
Q

BU COM Alumni

A
  1. Jessica Rinaldi (Cuba/Natural disaster PP)
  2. Kimbriell Kelly (Washington Post PP)
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17
Q

Who are the media?

A

80,000 in broadcast, online, print, or radio
- not owned, licensed, or controlled by govt
- different business models–profit and non-profit

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18
Q

what is the job of journalists?

A
  • report what we can observe or verify from reputable sources
  • put information into context
  • bear witness, serve as watchdogs, illuminate and explain
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19
Q

why do we do the work?

A
  • it is a calling
  • to defend democracy
  • to enable the public to make informed decisions
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20
Q

guiding principles?

A
  • truth and accuracy
  • independence
  • fairness and impartiality
  • accountability and thoroughness
  • humanity/empathetic
  • be compelling
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21
Q

Acta Diurna

A

the earliest known written news sheet that is Latin for “daily news”

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22
Q

Publick Occurrences

A

1690 = FIRST North American newspaper by Boston printer Benjamin Harris
- anti-British and local minister so it was banned after 1 issue

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23
Q

First regularly appearing newspaper in the colonies

A

the Boston News-Letter
1704
John Campbell

24
Q

The Courant

A

1721
Benjamin Franklin
Interested ordinary readers

25
Q

1733

A

the New York Weekly Journal

26
Q

Zenger Case

A

The Journal by John Peter Zenger - politically anti-British articles
- seditious libel charges/accounts were cleared in 1735 court preventing govt censorship

27
Q

Daily Paper types

A

Political - partisan press that pushed political groups (editorials)
Commercial - served business leaders and economic issues (business section)
- confined readership (wealthy, educated)

28
Q

Penny press era

A

1830s (industrial revolution)
- cheaper machine-made paper
- growing literacy and middle class made the press inclusive
4000 newspapers an hour

29
Q

Example of Penny Press Era

A

Benjamin Day and the New York Sun
“shines for all” only 1 penny
- fabricated events like the great moon hoax of 1835

30
Q

Newsies

A

the kids that would distribute papers…they had to often times buy what they couldn’t sell

31
Q

Associated Press

A

1848 - 6 NY presses merged together and Founded AP
- Wire services

32
Q

Wire services

A

commercial organizations that relayed news stories and information around the globe using telegraph and later radio/digital transmissions

33
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

1800s
Sensationalist in depth “detective/investigative” stories
watchdogs
Ex: Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst’s
- Control of the yellow kid cartoon

34
Q

Joseph Pulitzer

A
  • Bought the bankrupted St louis Dispatch and merged it with the post
  • bought New York Wold in 1883 and was more progressive
35
Q

New York World

A
  • Nellie Bly –> asylum girl that helped make room for female journalists
  • advice and womens pages
  • 1883 Pulitizer buys it
36
Q

William Randolph Hearst

A

San Fran Examiner
Dad = senator ($$$)
Sensational stories with Bold headlines that often faked content and encouraged conflict

37
Q

Postal Act of 1879

A

Lowered postage rates for magazines
- lowered distribution costs increasing distribution
- Imagined communities

38
Q

Imagined communities

A

Members of a social constructed group rather than as individuals with only local or regional identities

39
Q

Muckrakers

A

Complexity of America (immigration/urbanization)

Journalists willing to crawl through societies muck to uncover a story

40
Q

Photojournalism and General Interest magazine examples

A
  • Saturday Evening Post (x)
  • Readers digest (x)
  • Time magazine
  • Life magazine (x)
41
Q

What caused the down fall of general interest magazines?

A

1950s

  1. Television
  2. Postal rates (heightened)
42
Q

LIFE magazine

A
  • pass along readership –> the total number of ppl who come into contact with a single copy of a magazine
  • Margaret Bourke-White –> first female to correspondent to fly combat missions in WW2
  • Gordon Parks –> hollHywood Black film director
43
Q

Edward Murrow

A

Stecado tone
captured the WW2 bombing, intervieweed survivors
1st to visit concentration camp (gukenval)

44
Q

Psi Kirsh

A

Looked into US Solider violence in Vietnam and discovered a military cover-up of the Milai massacre

45
Q

News is…

A

relevant, timely, verified information (facts) present in context
- significant change
- noteworthy
- novel

46
Q

Changing public policy

A
  1. Samuel Hopkins Adams and Upton Sinclair (unsafe food)
  2. Jacob Riis and Lewis Hine (child labor)
  3. Spotlight Boston and sexually assault by priests
47
Q

is it newsworthy?

A

timeliness
significance
proximity
prominence
conflict/tension

48
Q

elements of a news story

A
  1. facts –> verified from credible source
  2. context –> broader story
  3. voices –> who to quotes povs
  4. structure
49
Q

2 basic kinds of news storys

A

hard news and features

50
Q

hard news

A

tell the audience quickly and clearly what happened and why
- vital facts delivered first + fast
- immediate deadlines
- lede
- breaking news
- disspassionate tone
- inverted pyramid

51
Q

feature

A

use more narrative storytelling that draws in the reader
- gently
- narrative
- entice reader
- not published immediately

52
Q

bringing stories to life

A
  • idea
  • research
  • interviews
  • write/produce
  • edit + fact-check
  • publish
53
Q

plagiarize

A

copy someone’s writing

54
Q

fabricate

A

invent facts or quotes

55
Q

how to fix a mistake

A
  1. tell your editor immediately
  2. run a correction in the same place as the original report
  3. apologize sincerely
  4. do everything in you can to make sure it never happens again
56
Q

if you make a mistake…(what could be the effect)

A
  1. news org’s rep will decline
  2. potentially unsafe public conditions
  3. you can get fired (forced to resign) and sued for millions
57
Q

scoop

A

editors are happy when er break stories that are concealed and controversial
- Bernstein + Woodward on Nixon and watergate
- publish as soon as possible but be careful with the reliability of sources

Human Storyteller - COM 101 (11 decks)

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