quiz 6 Flashcards
List the major groups of “Gasteromycetes”
puffballs
stalked puffballs
earth stars
stinkhorns
bird’s nest fungi
artillery fungus
secotioid fungi
hymenomycetes
forcefully remove spores from basidia
gasteromycetes
passively release basidiospores into a cavity called a gleba
- gleba is usually also released in a passive way (notably the artillery fungus does this actively)
gasteromycete fruiting bodies
can be produced above- or below-ground (hypogeous)
gasteromycete ecological role categories
saprophytes
ectomycorrhials
parasites (uncommon)
gasteromycete phylogeny
highly polyphyletic
- secotioid fungi are a recent derivation from the hymenomycetes, but are evolving in a direction of containing more gasteromycete-like characteristics
hypogeous meaning
fruiting bodies can be produced above or below-ground
passive spore/gleba dispersal methods`
wind, water, animals
puffballs/stalked puffballs- characteristics and spore dispersal
- form large gleba surrounded by a peridium (peridium is the white covering)
- peridium ruptures to release spores- often bc of wind/rain
- sometimes develop with a stipe
puffball examples
Calvatia gigantia- “giant puffball”
edible!
Lycoperdon (has a stipe)
Scleroderma- browner star patterned guys
earth stars- characteristics and spore dispersal
puffballs contained within an outer peridium that opens to produce a star-shaped stand
major genus of earth star
Geastrum
stinkhorns- characteristics and spore dispersal
- smell bad
- rubbery peridium that surrounds the gleba and breaks open- allows a spongy stipe to emerge and expose the sticky gleba
- attract flies and other insects for dispersal
bird’s nest fungi- characteristics and spore dispersal
- common colonizers of mulch
- also dung
- cup shaped basidiocarp
- gleba are the “eggs”- called peridioles
- rain makes peridioles fly out and stick to blades of grass
artillery fungus- characteristics and spore dispersal
- ACTIVELY release gleba!
- tiny basidiocarp
- bright orange
- also often on mulch/wood chips
- move to aim towards a light source and then violently shoot out sticky gleba
artillery fungi gleba release method
ACTIVE!
- gleba (peridiole) found within peridium
- can aim gleba at light source
- gleba surrounded by sticky mass
- peridium breaks open + fires off gleba- just like birds nest
major genus of artillery fungus
sphaerobolus
“secotioid fungi”- characteristics and spore dispersal
gen. characteristics of jelly fungi
- gelatinous! (basically the only thing that holds the whole morphological group together
- usually amphigenous
- sometimes waxy, resupinate crust
- sometimes thin, webby mycelium