lectures 29 + 30

Question 1

Be able to diagram, label and/or describe the major sexual structures in the Pezizomycotina, and where sexual spores are produced in each.

Answer 1

teleomorphs (sexual structures)
- cleistothecium: enclosed w opening at top- contain circular asci w/ ascospores
- perithecium + pseudothecium- cup/flask shaped w asci
- apothecium- larger, open
- naked asci

Question 2

Describe and differentiate the different characteristics associated with ascus structure.

Answer 2

• stroma may produce ascomata
• opening may be either operculate (operculum opening w hatch-like lid) or inoperculate (no hatch, just a pore)
• wall may be prototunicate (enclosed ascus that dissolves), unitunicate (1 wall), or bitunicate (2 walls/layers of the ascus)

Question 3

Describe a conidiophore. Differentiate between the major types of conidia and their structural characteristics.

Answer 3

• contains conidiogenous cells and conidia (spores)

color
- hyaline- colorless
- phaeoconidia- colored
septation
- ameroconidia: aseptate
- phragmoconidia: septate in 1 axis
- dictyconidia
shape
- scolecoconidia: filamentous
- stauroconidia: star-shaped
- helicoconidia: helical

Question 4

blastic conidiogenesis

Answer 4

conidium forms, then septae

Question 5

Differentiate between the different types of blastic conidiogenesis.

Answer 5

holoblastic
- all layers of wall form conidium wall
enteroblastic
- separate wall develops to form conidium wall
—phialides (continuous btwn conidia) or annellides (separate for each conidium)

Question 6

thallic conidiogenesis

Answer 6

septae form first, then conidia

Question 7

Differentiate between the different types of thallic conidiogenesis.

Answer 7

holothallic
- hyphal compartment walled off, then secedes
arthric
- entire hypha forms compartmental septae that separate

Question 8

Differentiate between “Hyphomycetes” and “Coelomycetes”, and describe any structures associated with each.

Answer 8

• hypho- conidiophores produced on hyphae, not within an enclosed structure (separated by pigmentation + structure)
• coelo- conidiophores produced in a semi-enclosed structure (conidiomata)- (pycnidium, acervulus)

Question 9

Differentiate between yeast, chlamydospore and sclerotia. How are they similar?