final exam- taphrinomycotina Flashcards
Taphrinomycotina General Characteristics
None, really - very diverse
Discovered and defined via phylogenetics: originally defined as “Archiascomycetes” in mid-1990s
Often deviate from canonical Asco life cycle, sometimes Basido-like
Schizosaccharomycetes/-ales: Schizosaccharomyces
Fission Yeasts
Live in high sugar environments
Fermented beverages- Palm wine, millet beer
S. pombe- model system in genetics and molecular biology
Taphrinomycetes/-ales: Taphrina
Dimorphic (have both yeast and hyphal stages) plant parasites
Leaf curl and other deforming diseases of flowering plants: oak, peach, ferns
Pneumocystidiomycetes/Pneumocystales: Pneumocystis
- Obligate extracellular parasites of mammals (cause lung infections, usually infects young, causes moderate respiratory infection, causes pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients- immunosuppression from HIV allows the fungus to grow)
- Reduced genome: 7MB; lack genes for amino acid synthesis; must scavenge for amino acids in lungs
- Different mammals have different forms/species
- Environmental reservoir is unknown- probably a rare fungal pathogen passed between people
Pneumocystidiomycetes/Pneumocystales: Pneumocystis life cycle
Sexual:
Haploid yeasts combine through conjugation
Develop into a diploid pre cyst
Undergo meiosis where nuclei and mitochondria are reproducing
Develops into early cyst
Cyst matures and forms separate cells inside
Afterwards, the mature cells are released through excystment
Asexual:
Reproduce via mitosis
Neolectomycetes/-ales: Neolecta
“Irregular earth tongue”
Forms macroscopic fruiting body, which looks like Pezizomycotina
Archaeorhizomycetes/-ales: Archaeorhizomyces
“Soil Clone group 1”: known only from DNA extracted from soil until mid-2000s
Saprophytic potential seen in genome, no recognizable mycorrhizal structures
Omnipresent
Hyphal swellings/ chlamydospores
