Quiz #5: Set #4

Question 1

Explain the Renin/Angiotensin endocrine pathway

Answer 1

Kidneys release renin —-> angiotensin II produced—> Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction (increased resistance) —-> Angiotensin II prompts aldosterone release —–> Aldosterone reduces urine output, retains water and sodium

Question 2

Explain blood pressure regulation

Answer 2

Kidneys utilize RAAS for blood pressure regulation as well as the ADH endocrine pathway and the aldosterone endocrine pathway

Question 3

function of phagocytes

Answer 3

engulf and destroy pathogens

Question 4

Examples of phagocytes

Answer 4

neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Question 5

Process of phagocytosis

Answer 5

Pseudopods attach to microbes, enclosing them in a vesicle with lysozyme, which matures into a phagolysosome, killing the microbes. Phagocytes remove microbe parts through exocytosis, alerting the immune system.

Question 6

function of natural killer cells

Answer 6

Tells foreign invader to undego apoptosis

Question 7

Explain the function of natural killer cells

Answer 7

NK cells release granules with perforin, granulysin, and granzymes.
Granzymes activate caspases.
Caspases break down cellular components, leading to apoptosis.

Question 8

function of interferons

Answer 8

Interferes with the replication of the viruses within infected cells

Question 9

Explain the function of interferons

Answer 9

Uninfected cells are alerted about the impending virus by signaling them to produce AVP (activated antiviral proteins).