Quiz #5 Flashcards
size of the body’s fluid compartments
Intracellular fluid: 28L
Extracellular fluid: 14L
how the chemical composition of the fluid compartments differ from each other
Major cation of ICF: K+
Major Anion of ICF:PO43-
Major cation of ECF: Na+
Major Anion of ECF: Cl-
Portals of water entry and exit
respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, urinary system, and skin
important sources of acids in the body
Carbonic, Lactic, Sulfuric, HCl, Phsophoric, ketosis(high fat/protein)
Three major chemical buffer systems of the body
bicarbonate buffer system
Phosphate buffer system
Protein buffer system
influence of the respiratory system on acid-base balance
CO2+H2O -> Carbonic Anhydrase ->H2CO3 -> H+ +HCO3-
Increased breathing rate if pH drops by modulating the respiratory center
Decrease breathing rate if pH is high by modulating the respiratory center
How each buffer system resists pH changes
bicarbonate buffer system: neutralize gastric acid and stabilize the intracellular pH of epithelial cells via the secretion of bicarbonate ions
Phosphate buffer system: If additional hydroxide ions enter the cellular fluid, they are neutralized by the dihydrogen phosphate ion.
Protein buffer system: protein compounds consume small amounts of acids or bases.
Importance of respiratory compensations in maintaining acid-base balance
Importance of renal compensations in maintaining acid-base balance
How the kidneys regulate hydrogen and bicarbonate ion concentrations in the blood
immune functions of the skin
how the conditions in the various body tracts discourage the growth of unwanted microbes
inflammation and its usefulness
complement system and its functioning
fever, how it occurs, and its usefulness
