Quiz 2 Flashcards
Specific types of neurons that connect the CNS with skeletal muscles, sensory receptors, the heart, smooth muscle, and glands
Motor Neurons
CNS
Central Nervous System, consists of the brain and spinal cord
PNS
Peripheral Nervous System, Consists of cranial and spinal nerves
ANS
Autonomic Nervous System, a division of the central nervous system that controls involuntary functions
Processes involved as information travels through a neural pathway. (Reflex Arc)
Stimulus, receptor, Afferent neuron, Interneuron, Efferent Neuron, Effector
membrane potential
-Used to integrate, send and receive info
- membrane potential changes produced by:
- Changes in membrane permeability
- Alterations of ion concentration
depolarization
Inside of membrane becomes more positive, MP difference decreases
hyperpolarization
Inside becomes more negative than RMP, membrane potential difference increases
repolarization
MP returns to resting state
Threshold
The limit that the membrane potential has to reach or supercede to create an action potential
Graded Potentials
-Brief Short distance signals within a neuron. Short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential
-if strong enough, it can develop into an action potential
What happens during an action potential
-Resting state
-Depolarization phase (Na+ moves in)
-Repolarization Phase(K+ v-gated channels open)
-Hyperpolarization Phase (K+ v-gated channels close, returning to resting state)
resting potential
Ions haven’t been stimulated, More Na+ outside cell, More K+ inside cell resulting a mV of -70
action potential
A rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane
where graded potentials occur
Dendrites or soma
all-or-none phenomenon
APs either happen completely or not at all
where action potentials occur
Axon or Axon Hillock
the mechanism that allows information to travel in only one direction in an axon
Refractory Period
neuron
Excitable cells in the brain used for communication (ie sending signals
nerve
Bundle of fibers in the PNS that receives and sends messages between the body and the brain
tract
Bundle of fibers in the CNS that receives and sends messages between the body and the brain
sensory neuron
Essentially an afferent neuron, sends information from body to Central nervous system
interneuron
The neuron that connects the spinal motor and sensory neurons
motor neuron
Essentially, an efferent neuron, sends out information from CNS to the effector to elicit a response
synapse
Site of transmission between 2 neurons or between a neuron and an effector
Function of voltage-gated Na+ channels
mediates the upstroke of the action potential in excitable cells
Function of voltage-gated K+ channels
helps depolarize the membrane
Function of Na+ ions in APs
Causes depolarization
Function of K+ ions in APs
Helps hyperpolarize the membrane potential
Function of Na+/K+ ATPase in APs
Helps maintain resting potential
Types of Synapses and what they connect together
-Axodendritic (Axon and Dendrite)
-Axosomatic (Axon and Soma)
-Axoaxonic( Axon and Axon)
-Dendrodendritic (Dendrite and Dendrite)
-Dendrosomatic
