Final Exam New Content Set 3

Question 1

overall purpose of meiosis

Answer 1

to produce gametes, or sex cells

Question 2

outcome of meiosis

Answer 2

four haploid daughter cells that go on to develop into either sperm or egg cells

Question 3

set of chromosomes in a typical person

Answer 3

Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 chromosomes in total.

Question 4

how sperm cells and egg cells receive chromosomes during the process of meiosis

Answer 4

the pairs of chromosomes separate and segregate randomly to produce gametes with one chromosome from each pair

Question 5

chromosome

Answer 5

threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell

Question 6

centromere

Answer 6

Part of chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together

Question 7

telomere

Answer 7

a region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome

Question 8

chromatid

Answer 8

one half of a duplicated chromosome

Question 9

homologous chromosomes

Answer 9

chromosomal pairs of the same length and centromere positions for the genes corresponding to the same loci

Question 10

chromosome pair

Answer 10

Two chromosomes in a pair – normally one inherited from the mother and one from the father

Question 11

gene

Answer 11

The basic physical and functional unit of heredity

Question 12

autosome

Answer 12

any of the numbered or nonsex chromosomes of an organism

Question 13

sex chromosome

Answer 13

type of chromosome involved in sex determination (XX and XY)

Question 14

allele

Answer 14

any one of two+ genes that may occur alternatively at a given locus on a chromosome.

Question 15

dominant

Answer 15

Gene over shadows traits of recessive gene

Question 16

recessive

Answer 16

a trait that tends to be masked by other inherited traits

Question 17

,homozygous dominant

Answer 17

a genotype where an individual inherits two copies of a dominant gene

(Ex: BB)

Question 18

homozygous recessive

Answer 18

a genotype where an individual inherits two copies of a recessive gene

(ex: bb)

Question 19

heterozygous

Answer 19

having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes
(Ex: Bb)

Question 20

genotype

Answer 20

The genetic constitution of an individual organism

Question 21

phenotype

Answer 21

set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.