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Anatomy 1 > Quiz 5: Lecture 15-17 > Flashcards

Quiz 5: Lecture 15-17 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior, Medial, Posterior

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2
Q

What do the muscles of the anterior compartment do?

A

Hip flexion, knee extension

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3
Q

What do the muscles of the medial compartment do?

A

Hip adduction

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4
Q

What do the muscles of the posterior compartment do?

A

Hip extension, knee flexion

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5
Q

What is the intermuscular septum?

A

The walls of fascia that divide the compartments of the thigh

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6
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment?

A

Femoral nerve (with the exception of psoas major which is innervated by L1,L2,L3)

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7
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior compartment?

A

Femoral artery (with the exception of iliopsoas which is supplied by the medial femoral circumflex artery and iliolumbar artery)

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8
Q

Where does the iliopsoas originate and insert? Action? Innervation? Blood Supply?

A

Origin: Iliac fossa and transverse processes of lumbar spine

Insertion: Lesser trochanter

Action: Hip flexion

Innervation: Femoral nerve (iliacus), Anterior rami L1-L3 (psoas)

Blood Supply: Medial femoral circumflex artery (iliacus), Iliolumbar artery (psoas)

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9
Q

Where does the sartorius originate and insert? Action? Innervation? Blood Supply?

A

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: Pes Anserinus

Action: Hip flexion, abduction, external rotation, knee flexion

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Blood Supply: Femoral artery

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10
Q

Where does the rectus femoris originate and insert? Action? Innervation? Blood Supply?

A

Origin: AIIS

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

Action: Knee extension

Innervation: Femoral artery

Blood Supply: Femoral nerve

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11
Q

Where does the vastus lateralis originate and insert? Action? Innervation? Blood Supply?

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line, lateral lip of linea aspera

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

Action: Knee extension

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Blood Supply: Femoral artery

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12
Q

Where does the vastus medialis originate and insert? Action? Innervation? Blood Supply?

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line, Medial lip of linea aspera

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

Action: Knee extension

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Blood Supply: Femoral artery

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13
Q

Where does the vastus intermedius originate and insert? Action? Innervation? Blood Supply?

A

Origin: Anterior/lateral surface of the femur

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

Action: Knee extension

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Blood Supply: Femoral artery

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14
Q

What is sometimes referred to as the “goose’s foot”?

A

Pes Anserinus (located on anterior/medial tibia)

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15
Q

Which muscles attach to the pes anserinus?

A

Gracilis, semitendinosus, sartorius

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16
Q

T or F? Most hip adductors can also do hip flexion

A

True

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17
Q

Where does the pectineus originate and insert? Action? Innervation? Blood supply?

A

Origin: Pectineal line of superior pubic ramus (superior to obturator foramen)

Insertion: Pectineal line of femur (inferior to lesser trochanter)

Action: Adduction and Flexion

Innervation: Femoral nerve

Blood Supply: Obturator artery

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18
Q

Where does the adductor longus originate and insert? Action? Innervation? Blood Supply?

A

Origin: Superior pubic ramus

Insertion: Inferior linea aspera of femur

Action: Adduction and flexion

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Blood supply: Deep femoral artery

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19
Q

Where does the adductor brevis originate and insert? Action? Innervation? Blood Supply?

A

Origin: Inferior pubic ramus

Insertion: Superior linea aspera of femur

Action: Adduction and flexion

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Blood supply: Deep femoral artery

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20
Q

Where does the gracilis originate and insert? Action? Innervation? Blood Supply?

A

Origin: Pubic symphysis

Insertion: Pes anserinus

Action: Hip adduction and knee flexion

Innervation: Obturator nerve

Blood Supply: Obturator artery

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21
Q

Where do the two parts of the adductor magnus originate and insert? Action? Innervation? Blood supply?

A

Origin:
- Inferior pubic ramus (adductor portion)
- Ischial tuberosity (hamstring portion)

Insertion:
- Linea aspera (adductor portion)
- Adductor tubercle (hamstring portion)

Action:
- Adduction and Flexion (adductor portion)
- Adduction and Extension (hamstring portion)

Innervation:
- Obturator nerve (adductor portion)
- Sciatic nerve (hamstring portion)

Blood Supply:
- Deep femoral artery (both adductor and hamstring)

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22
Q

Which structures create the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius, adductor longus, inguinal ligament

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23
Q

From lateral to medial, the femoral triangle consists of…

A

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, lymph nodes

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24
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

a canal located between the sartorius, vastus medialis, and adductor longus (runs from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus carrying the femoral vein/artery, and saphenous nerve)

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25
Q

How many branches of the femoral nerve?

A

4

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26
Q

What is the largest branch of the femoral nerve?

A

saphenous nerve

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27
Q

Sensation of the anterior thigh is provided by the…

A

anterior femoral cutaneous nerve

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28
Q

The saphenous nerve provides sensory innervation to the…

A

medial knee, leg, and foot

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29
Q

What is the popliteal fossa?

A

The fat-filled space behind the knee

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30
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the posterior compartment?

A

Sciatic nerve (except for short head which is innervated by the common fibular nerve)

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31
Q

Which arteries supply the posterior compartment?

A

Deep femoral artery, inferior gluteal artery

32
Q

What are the 3 joints of the knee?

A
  • 2 tibiofemoral joints
  • 1 patellofemoral
33
Q

What is a trochlea?

A

Pulley

34
Q

What is the tibial plateau?

A

The view looking down on the tibia

35
Q

In regards to the articular cartilage of the distal femur, which side is more likely to experience a chondral lesion? Medial or Lateral

A

Medial

36
Q

Which facet of the femur is larger and steeper? Lateral or medial

A

Lateral

37
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid

38
Q

What are the facet joints of the patella from lateral to medial?

A

Lateral, medial, odd (Only comes into contact with femur during full flexion)

39
Q

T or F? The lateral facet is bigger than the medial facet

A

True

40
Q

During knee flexion, the patella slides which way?

A

Downwards on the femur

41
Q

During knee extension, the patella slides which way?

A

Upwards on the femur

42
Q

Where do the cruciate ligaments attach?

A

Intercondylar fossa

43
Q

T or F? The cruciate ligaments sit within a capsule

A

True

44
Q

T or F? The cruciate ligaments sit in synovial fluid in the capsule

A

False, although the cruciate ligaments sit within the capsule, they sit outside the synovial fluid

45
Q

What is the purpose of the cruciate ligaments?

A

They resist extreme movement

46
Q

Where does the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) attach?

A

Proximal: Posterior inner surface of the lateral femoral condyle

Distal: Anterior medial intercondylar area of the tibia

47
Q

What is the function of the ACL when weight bearing?

A

Prevents posterior movement of femur on tibia

48
Q

What is the function of the ACL when non-weight bearing?

A

Prevents anterior movement of tibia on femur

49
Q

T or F? ACL ruptures are 5x more common than PCL ruptures

A

False, ACL ruptures are 10x more common than PCL ruptures

50
Q

Where does the Posterior Cruciate Ligament attach to

A

Proximal: Anterior inner surface of the medial femoral condyle

Distal: Posterior lateral intercondylar area of the tibia

51
Q

What is the function of the PCL?

A

Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

also prevents knee hyperflexion

52
Q

Where does the Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) attach? What does it do?

A

Proximal: Medial epicondyle of the femur

Distal: Superior medial tibia (on shaft, not condyle)

  • Deep fibers attach to meniscus
  • Tight in extension
  • Resists valgus
  • Extra-capsular (outside of capsule)
53
Q

Where does the Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) attach? What does it do?

A

Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of femur

Distal: Head of fibula

  • Tight in extension
  • Resists varus
  • Extra-capsular (outside of capsule)
54
Q

Which collateral ligament is thicker and stronger? MCL or LCL?

A

MCL

55
Q

What are menisci (pleural for meniscus)? Function?

A

Fibrocartilage discs on the tibial plateau (1 medial, 1 lateral)

Thicker on outer portion where it attaches to the capsule

Function: Cushions and improves joint congruency

56
Q

What are some characteristics of the lateral meniscus?

A
  • Smaller
  • Almost a complete circle
  • NOT attached to LCL
57
Q

What are some characteristics of the medial meniscus?

A
  • Larger
  • Elongated C-shape
  • Attached to MCL
  • Minimal motion (immobile)
58
Q

What is a bursa?

A

A sac of synovial fluid that lies between bony and soft tissue to reduce friction and irritation

59
Q

T or F? The are 12 bursa associated with the knee

A

False, there are 20+

60
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A
  • Popliteal artery and vein
  • Tibial and Fibular (peroneal) nerve
  • popliteal lymph nodes
61
Q

What are the four most important bursa of the knee?

A
  • Pre-patellar
  • Infrapatellar
  • Suprapatellar
  • Pes anserine
62
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus, biceps femoris, medial/lateral heads of gastrocnemius

63
Q

What is chondromalacia?

A

Runner’s knee

(Softening and swelling of the articular cartilage)

64
Q

Direction of patellar tracking is dictated by what?

A

Line 1: center of patella to ASIS
Line 2: center of patella to tibial tuberosity

This ultimately results in the patella going superior lateral when it tracks

65
Q

What is excessive genu valgum (knock knee)?

A

When the knee is at an angle of less than or equal to 165 degrees (measured from lateral side)

66
Q

What is genu varum (bow-leg)?

A

When the knee is at an angle of greater than 180 degrees (measured from lateral side)

67
Q

What is patella alta?

A

When the patella rides too high (causes a loose patella tendon, tight quadriceps)

68
Q

What is patella baja

A

When the patella rides too low (causes weak quadriceps)

69
Q

What is the strongest quad muscle?

A

Vastus lateralis

70
Q

Where do the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris long head and short head originate and insert?

A

Semimembranosus
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Posterior medial tibial condyle

Semitendinosus
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Pes anserinus

Biceps femoris long head:
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Fibular head

Biceps femoris short head
- Origin: Linea aspera
- Insertion: Fibular head

71
Q

Which nerve innervates the hamstrings?

A

Tibial portion (L5-S2) of sciatic nerve

(except biceps femoris short head… innervated by common peroneal nerve)

72
Q

Which artery supplies the hamstrings?

A

Inferior gluteal artery

73
Q

What is the groove between the femoral condyles called?

A

trochlea or intercondylar groove

74
Q

What is a normal angle of knee valgus?

A

15 degrees

75
Q

What is an anatomical risk for potential ACL injury?

A

Narrow intercondylar fossa

Anatomy 1 (9 decks)

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