Quiz 5 (External Antiparasitics) Flashcards
what drug is used in older flea meds?
rotenone
what drug can be applied to demodex spots if there are small number of leisons?
goodwinol ointment
what can adding piperonyl butoxide do to the affectiveness of pyrethrins?
increases it 10 -20 times
what are the differences between Synthetic Pyrethroids and pyrethroids? (2)
- More toxic
2. Don’t break down as easisly when exposed to sun and air
what species are Organophosphates and Carbamates more typically used on?
large animals
how long do the effect of imidacloprid last?
Provides residual effect of at least 4 wks.
Imidacloprid
Advantage
Imidacloprid is…
Advantage
what external parasite does Imidacloprid kill?
Kills adult fleas
what animal shoudl imidacloprid not be used on?
young kitties and puppies
what animal shoudl imidacloprid not be used on?
young kitties and puppies
how long are the effects of fipronil?
Provides 30-day residual activity
Fipronil is…
Frontline, Top Spot
what parasite does fipronil kill
adult fleas and ticks
what animal consideraiton should fipronil not be used on?
very young pups or kittens
Selamectin is…
Revolution
how is selamectin administered?
Spot-on
what external parasites is selamectin effective against?
fleas and mites
Nitenpyram is…
Capstar
how is nitenpyram administered?
orally
how long are the effects of nitenpyram?
Starts killing fleas w/in 30 minutes, most gone by 4 hrs.
Spinosad is…
Comfortis
how is spinosad administered?
Chewable tablet administered orally
Animals must be at least 14 wks. age and meet minimum weight requirements
how long are the effect of spinosad?
30 days
how old must an animal be before recieveing spinosad?
Animals must be at least 14 wks. age and meet minimum weight requirements
Fluralaner is…
Bravecto
how often should fluralaner be administered?
every 12 weeks
How is fluralaner administered?
Chewable tablet administered orally
how old should an animal be before recieving fluralaner?
Animals must be 6 months of age
animals with this medical condidtion should not use fluralaner?
seizures
what external parasite does fluralaner treat?
fleas and ticks
Botanical Insecticides
Derived from plants
what are some botanical insecticides? (2)
- Rotenone
2. Pyrethrins
what can rotenone be found in? (3)
- Duradip
- Pet Dip
- Goodwinol Ointment
what external parasites does rotenone kill?
kill fleas and mites
what can happen after animals lick rotenone?
Dogs and cats may vomit
what plant is Pyrethrins extracted from?
chrysanthemum flower
which is the largest group of marketed insecticides?
Pyrethrins
why are pyrethrins usually mixed with other agents?
increase efficacy
what product are pyrethrins usually mixed with?
products that kill and repel fleas and ticks
what species are more susceptible to toxicity?
Cats
what are some syptoms of pyrethrin toxicity?
tremors and seizure
how do you treat ingestion of pyrethrins?
activated charcoal
how do you treat dermal exposure of pyrethrins?
bathing
synthetic pyrethrins are…
increased potency and last longer
Organophosphates and Carbamates
Widely used group of insecticidesapplied to plants and animals
Organophosphates examples (10)
- chorpyrifos (Dusban, Duratrol)
- coumaphos (Co-Ral)
- cythioate (Proban)
- diazinon (flea collars)
- malathion (Adams Flea and Tick Dip)
- phosmet (Paramite Dip)
- dichlorvos
- primiphos
- fenthion
- famphur
Organophosphates examples (3)
- carbaryl ( Mycodex Pet Shampoo, Adams Flea and Tick Dust-II, Sevin)
- propoxur (Baygon)
- methomyl (Fatal Attraction)
how do Organophosphates/Carbamates affect external parasites?
Bind and inactivate acetylcholinesterase at neuronal junctions
what do clinical signs of toxicity in animals result from?
overstimulation of acetylcholine receptors
what are some clinical signs of Organophosphates/Carbamates?
SLUDDE
salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, dyspnea, emesis
precaustion of Organophosphates/Carbamates? (2)
- Be careful about using more than one organophostphate product at a time
- Wear gloves when handling these products
what species should you not apply Organophosphates/Carbamates to?
sight hounds, charolais, simmental, brahman
what drug is used to counteract Organophosphates/Carbamates? (2)
- atropine
2. pralidoxime (2-Pam)
One of the oldest group of synthetic insecticides
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
spectrum of activity of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons?
Effectively kill most insects on plants and animals
who can chlorinated hydrocarbons be toxic to?
humans and wildlife
how should you protect yourself while bathing a dog with chlorinated hydrocarbons?
Wear gloves and apron
what is Amitraz used to treat?
demodectic mange in dogs, also to kill ticks
what are some advers affects seen in the treatment of amitraz
sedation and incoordination
what do insect growth regulators do?
Impair normal development of immature insects. They do not kill adult insects.
lufenuron is…
Lufenuron (Program, Sentinel)
methoprene is…
Siphotrol, Ovitrol
how is lufenuron administered?
orally to dogs and cats, also by injection in cats
how does lufenuron effect fleas?
interferes w/ flea egg formation and development of the flea larva exoskeleton
how is methoprene administered?
applied to animal’s skin (spray, collar)
ho does methoprene effect fleas?
causes adult fleas to produce larva that do not mature
what are some examples of insect growth regulators
- lufenuron
- Methoprene
- Pyriproxyfen
how is pyriproxyfen administered?
applied to animal’s skin
how does pyriproxyfen effect fleas?
causes adult fleas to produce larva that do not mature
