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Pharmacology > Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the sequence of pharmacokinetics? (4)

A
  1. drug absortion
  2. drug distribution
  3. metabolism
  4. drug elimination
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2
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

the movement and proceess of a drug in the body

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3
Q

what are the concepts of pharmacology? (5)

A
  1. Therapeutic range
  2. Dosage regimen
  3. Route of administration
  4. Pharmacokinetics
  5. Drug effect
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4
Q

Drug absortion is…

A

the movement of the drug from the administration site into systemic circulation

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5
Q

how is drug absorption affected? (6)

A
  1. route
  2. hydrophilic/lipophilic
  3. drug form
  4. GIT condition
  5. liver metabolism
  6. blood perfusion
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6
Q

which routes allow for systemic distribution? (5)

A
  1. IV
  2. IM
  3. SQ
  4. IP
  5. intramedulary
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7
Q

what affects the route of administration?

how is drug affected?

A

physical barriers

onset of effect is slower

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8
Q

what can effect drug distribution?

how?

A

protein binding

makes molecule to large to pass through tissue

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9
Q

drug distribution is…

A

drug being transported to systemic circulation

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10
Q

once in systemic circulation where is drug distributed?

A

target tissue

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11
Q

where is the main area of drug metabolism?

A

liver

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12
Q

what is drug metabolism?

A

drug is metabolised by the liver before it can have an effect on the body

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13
Q

what are some drug interaction during metabolism? (2)

A
  1. competative inhibition

2. enzyme induction

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14
Q

what happens during drug metabolism?

A

enzymes in the body transform drugs into secondary compounds

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15
Q

what happens during the first step of drug metabolism?

A

origional drug is transformed into metabolite 1

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16
Q

what happens during the second step of drug metabolism?

A

metabolite 1 is transformed into metabolite 2

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17
Q

what are secondary compounds

A

metabolites

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18
Q

what polarity are metabolites?

A

hydrophilics

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19
Q

where are metalolite excreted?

A

urine

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20
Q

what chemicals does metabolite 1 combine with? (3)

A
  1. glucuronic acid
  2. sulfate
  3. glycine
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21
Q

drug elimination is…

A

removal of drugs from the body

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22
Q

where does drug elimination occur? (2)

A

kidney
and
liver

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23
Q

what can poor renal flow cause with drug elimination lead to?

A

toxicity

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24
Q

where are drugs primarily transformed?

A

liver

25
Q

what factors determine route of administration? (2)

A

drug form
and
route

26
Q

what are some administration routes?

A
  1. topical
  2. oral
  3. inhalant
  4. parenteral
27
Q

dosage interval is…

A

length of time between doses

28
Q

dose is…

A

amount given at one time

29
Q

blood perfusion is…

A

alteration of blood flow affecting absorption rate

30
Q

what determines dosage regimen? (2)

A

dose
and
dosage interval

31
Q

dose regimen is…

A

the amount, frequency, and duration of a drug administration

32
Q

how is a theraputic range maintained?

A

if amount entering = amount leaving

33
Q

what part of theraputic range can be controlled?

A

amount entering

34
Q

what part of theraputic range CAN NOT be controlled?

A

amount leaving

35
Q

theraputic range is…

A

plasma concentration at which a drug exerts its desired affect

36
Q

what GI conditon can affect absorption? (3)

A
  1. abnormal motility
  2. mucosal inflammation
  3. loss of epithelial cells
37
Q

what determins the process of pharmacokinetics? (2)

A

nature of drug
and
bodys response to drug

38
Q

what is the polarity affect of drugs?

A

molecules ability to move across physical barriers

39
Q

how does solid drug form affect absorption?

A

must be broken down before absorpiton

40
Q

what is the lipophilic drugs effect?

A

diffuse across cellular membranes

41
Q

which drug route is for lipophilc drugs?

A

oral

42
Q

what is the hydrophilic drugs effect?

A

diffuse through fluids between cells

43
Q

which drug route is for hydrophilic drugs?

A

parenteral

44
Q

what is bioavailability?

A

the portion of drug that makes it to systemic circulation

45
Q

what van affect the concentration reached by a drug in the blood stream? (2)

A
  1. the fluid volume into which it will be distributed

2. The extent to which it will be distributed throughout the body

46
Q

non-receptor mediated drugs are…

A

drugs that exert therin effect with/out binding to a receptor

47
Q

what cellular effects are observed after drug bind to receptor? (3)

A
  1. secretion of a substance
  2. contraction of muscle cells
  3. cell death
48
Q

what is the action of an agonist drug?

A

has affinity and efficacy

49
Q

what is the action of an partial agonist drug?

A

has affinity but poor efficacy

50
Q

what is the action of antagonist drug?

A

NO action

51
Q

what are the different types of drug effects?

A
  1. agonist
  2. partial agonist
  3. antagonist
52
Q

what is drug effect?

A

when a drug combines with cellular receptors to exert their effect

53
Q

what is the componet to drug effect?

A

cellular receptors

54
Q

what are some possible drug residue effects? (3)

A
  1. allergies
  2. carcinogens
  3. bacterial resistance
55
Q

why are withdrawal time so important?

A

drug residues can be dangerous for people

56
Q

what is a drugs half life?

A

the amount of time it take for drugs in the blood to decrease by 1/2

57
Q

what is drug half life used to determine? (2)

A

dosage interval
and
withdrawal time

58
Q

what does drug elimination depend on?

A

drugs half life

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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