Quiz 5 2024

Question 1

Which system is classified as a chemical buffer system that can serve as the first line of defense against shifts in pH?

Answer 1

phosphate buffer system

Question 2

Which volatile acid presents a daily challenge to the normal pH?

Answer 2

Carbon Dioxide

Question 3

What happens to plasma bicarbonate concentration during respiratory acidosis?

Answer 3

increases

Question 4

What is the diagnosis for the following set of values?

pH = 7.062

HCO3 = 13 mEq/L

PCO2 = 67 mm Hg

Answer 4

Mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis

Question 5

What is the diagnosis for the following set of values?

pH = 7.521

HCO3 = 36 mEq/L

PCO2 = 55 mm Hg

Answer 5

Metabolic alkalosis with partial respiratory compensation

Question 6

What is the diagnosis for the following set of values?

pH = 7.221

HCO3 = 8.5 mEq/L

PCO2 = 22 mm Hg

Answer 6

Metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation

Question 7

Which ganglia in the enteric nervous system is located between the submucosa and circular muscle?

Answer 7

Meissner’s plexus

Question 8

Which substance is a GI paracrine involved in stimulating hydrogen ion secretion by gastric parietal cells?

Answer 8

Histamine

Question 9

Which neuromodulator causes relaxation of smooth muscle and increases intestinal secretions?

Answer 9

Vasoactive Intestinal peptide

Question 10

Which route does a hormone take to reach its target tissue?

Answer 10

Travels through the blood stream

Question 11

Which substance is secreted in higher concentrations at high rates of saliva production?

Answer 11

HOC3-

Question 12

In what area of the stomach does mixing of digesta occur?

Answer 12

Caudad region

Question 13

What is secreted by mucous neck cells in the oxyntic glands of the stomach?

Answer 13

Mucous

Question 14

What two substances form the barrier to damage by acid and pepsin in the gastric mucosa? Choose all that apply.

Answer 14

Bicarbonate
Mucous

Question 15

Which portion of pancreatic secretions is stimulated by products of digestion?

Answer 15

Enzymatic

Question 16

What substances in bile function to emulsify lipids for digestion and assist in absorbing lipid products of digestion?

Answer 16

Bile salts

Question 17

How are glucose, galactose, and fructose absorbed from the enterocyte into blood?

Answer 17

GLUT 2

Question 18

Which enzyme is released by the pancreas and is an endopeptidase?

Answer 18

Chymotrypsin

Question 19

How is free iron transported from the enterocyte into blood?

Answer 19

Ferroportin

Question 20

Which hormone influences sodium absorption and potassium secretion in cells of the colon?

Answer 20

Aldesterone

Question 21

Which substance is secreted in exchange for chloride absorption in enterocytes of the ileum?

Answer 21

HOC3-

Question 22

During the absorptive phase in the liver, which compound leaves the mitochondria and contributes to fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 22

Citrate

Question 23

What do true carnivores primarily use for gluconeogenesis?

Answer 23

Glucogenic amino acids

Question 24

During the post-absorptive phase, which amino acid is used by the skeletal muscle to transfer nitrogen (amino acid group) to the liver as it transaminates branched-chain amino acids for energy?

Answer 24

Alanine

Question 25

What is the main precursor for gluconeogenesis in ruminants?

Answer 25

Propionate