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Physiology Final > Physiology Practice Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Physiology Practice Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle is the _______________
valve.
a. Mitral
b. Pulmonic
c. Aortic
d. Tricuspid

A

D

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2
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, blood moves into the ________________ artery.
a. Aortic
b. Pulmonic

A

A

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3
Q

Blood is distributed unevenly to tissues based on _________________ demand.
a. Energy
b. Nutrient
c. Oxygen

A

C

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4
Q

The valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle is the _______________
valve.
a. Mitral
b. Pulmonic
c. Aortic
d. Tricuspid

A

A

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5
Q

Two vessels that supply blood to the heart are the:
a. Superior and inferior vena cava
b. Left and right interventricular coronary arteries
c. Left and right subclavian arteries

A

B

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6
Q

Muscarinic receptors are used in the _________________________ nervous system.
a. Parasympathetic
b. Sympathetic

A

A

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7
Q

During disease, these vital organs (vessel-rich tissues) receive preferential blood flow:
a. Gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skeletal muscle
b. Skeletal muscle, brain, heart
c. Brain, heart, lungs
d. Heart, lungs, skeletal muscle

A

C

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8
Q

As this vessel decreases in diameter, it becomes sensitive to low O2 levels and will
constrict to shunt blood to well-ventilated areas of the lungs:
a. Pulmonary vein
b. Pulmonary artery
c. Aorta

A

B

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9
Q

The amount of blood flowing out of the right ventricle is identical to the amount of
blood flowing out of the left ventricle. True or false?

A

True

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10
Q

As the left ventricle contracts, the first ⅓ of the aorta will expand due to its elasticity. As
the left ventricle relaxes, this expansion of the aorta will begin to contract to ensure
continued blood flow to peripheral tissues. True or false?

A

true

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11
Q

Which vessels are the major resistance vessels and are subject to neurochemical
regulation?
a. Arterioles
b. Arteries
c. Veins
d. Venules
e. Capillaries

A

A

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12
Q

The majority of blood volume (60%+) exists in which vessels at any given time?
a. Arteries + arterioles
b. Veins + venules
c. Venules + capillaries

A

B

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13
Q

RBC are smaller in size than the diameter of capillaries and are able to easily flow
through them. True or false?

A

False

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14
Q

As the radius of a blood vessel increases in size, resistance in that vessel will:
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Stay the same

A

B

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15
Q

Resistances in parallel will _______________ overall resistance.
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Not change

A

B

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16
Q

In laminar blood flow, flow near the wall of the vessel is stationary and velocity near the
center of the vessel is highest. True or false?

A

True

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17
Q

The Reynolds number predicts the ________________ of blood:
a. Velocity
b. Resistance
c. Turbulence

A

C

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18
Q

Veins have a large capacitance (also known as compliance), which means as pressure
increases, volume in the veins will ______________.
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Stay the same

A

B

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19
Q

For most species, aortic pressure averages __________________ and right atrial
pressure averages ___________________.
a. 60-80 mm Hg, 5-10 mm Hg
b. 70-90 mm Hg, 0-5 mm Hg
c. 80-120 mm Hg, 0-5 mm Hg

A

C

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20
Q

During breathing, it is possible for the pressure in the right atrium to become negative.
True or false?

A

True

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21
Q

The difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure determines:
a. Pulse pressure
b. Vascular compliance
c. Vascular capacity

A

A

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22
Q

The main pacemaker in the heart is the:
a. Atrioventricular node
b. Sinoatrial node
c. Bundle of His
d. Purkinje fibers

A

B

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23
Q

A contraction in the heart occurs from:
a. Base to apex
b. Apex to base

A

B

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24
Q

An action potential in the heart is divided into 5 phases. In phase 2, this ion enters the
cell and is responsible for the plateau of the action potential:
a. Potassium
b. Calcium
c. Sodium

A

B

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25
Q

In phase 0 of an action potential of the heart, this event occurs:
a. Short period of repolarization
b. Rapid depolarization due to Na entering the cell
c. Ca enters the cell

A

B

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26
Q

This ion is the main contributor to the resting membrane potential in cardiac cells:
a. Calcium
b. Sodium
c. Potassium

A

C

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27
Q

In this cardiac tissue, there is no plateau during an action potential:
a. Purkinje fibers
b. SA node
c. Ventricle
d. Atrium

A

B

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28
Q

You have the following information: systolic arterial blood pressure is 150 mm Hg,
diastolic arterial blood pressure is 75 mm Hg, heart rate is 80 BPM. What is the mean
arterial pressure?
a. 75 mm Hg
b. 100 mm Hg
c. 145 mm Hg
d. 225 mm Hg

A

MAP = 75 mm Hg + 1/3(75) = 75 mm Hg + 25 mm Hg

= 100 mm Hg

29
Q

The rate-limiting step in conducting action potentials through the heart is:
a. SA node
b. Bundle of His
c. Purkinje fibers
d. AV node

A

D

30
Q

After the upstroke of an action potential (AP), Na+ channels close and refractory periods
occur. During this refractory period, even a large stimulus cannot cause another AP:
a. Effective refractory period
b. Relative refractory period
c. Absolute refractory period
d. Supranormal period

A

C

31
Q

During this refractory period, a stimulus may locally excite the tissue, but conduction of
an AP can’t occur – some Na+ channels are starting to open during this period:
a. Effective refractory period
b. Relative refractory period
c. Absolute refractory period
d. Supranormal period

A

A

32
Q

Through action of beta-1 receptors, this part of the autonomic nervous system will
increase heart rate (HR), conduction velocity and contractility:
a. Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
b. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

A

B

33
Q

Activation of the SNS will cause vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle in areas
such as the skin, kidney and gut via these receptors:
a. Muscarinic 2 receptors
b. Alpha 1 receptors
c. Beta 1 receptors
d. Beta 2 receptors

A

B

34
Q

While there is an inward current of Na+ in the SA and AV nodes during depolarization,
the most important current during this event of the AP is:
a. Potassium current
b. Sodium current
c. Calcium current
d. Magnesium current

A

C

35
Q

The P wave of an ECG represents:
a. Depolarization of the atria
b. Depolarization of the ventricles
c. Repolarization of the ventricles
d. Repolarization of the atria

A

A

36
Q

The QRS complex of an ECG represents:
a. Depolarization of the atria
b. Depolarization of the ventricles
c. Repolarization of the ventricles
d. Repolarization of the atria

A

B

37
Q

The T wave of an ECG represents:
a. Depolarization of the atria
b. Depolarization of the ventricles
c. Repolarization of the ventricles
d. Repolarization of the atria

A

C

38
Q

The wave for this event is usually very small and buried in the QRS complex:
a. Depolarization of the atria
b. Depolarization of the ventricles
c. Repolarization of the ventricles
d. Repolarization of the atria

A

D

39
Q

Conduction time through the AV node is included in the:
a. QRS complex
b. QT interval
c. ST segment
d. PR segment

A

D

40
Q

On an ECG, ventricular arrhythmias would be indicated by a prolonged:
a. PR interval
b. PR segment
c. QT interval
d. ST segment

A

C

41
Q

Higher Ca concentrations within a myocardial cell correlate with:
a. Lower contractility
b. Higher contractility

A

B

42
Q

As HR increases, intracellular Ca concentrations increase due to more Ca entering cell
and more AP per unit time. True or false?

A

true

43
Q

Cardiac glycosides have positive inotropic effects by inhibiting the Na/K ATPase pump.
Ultimately, this inhibition will:
a. Increase Na+ and Ca2+ intracellular concentrations
b. Decrease intracellular Na+ and increase intracellular Ca2+
c. Decrease Na+ and Ca2+ intracellular concentrations

A

A

44
Q

The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart states that when all other factors remain constant,
an increase in cardiac output will increase in response to an increase in end diastolic
volume. True or false?

A

true

45
Q

Blood flow to the heart itself is maximal during:
a. Ventricular ejection
b. Isovolumetric contraction
c. Isovolumetric relaxation
d. Ventricular filling

A

D

46
Q

Blood flow to the heart itself is maximal during:
a. Ventricular ejection
b. Isovolumetric contraction
c. Isovolumetric relaxation
d. Ventricular filling

A

B

47
Q

Stroke volume generally equals:
a. 140 mL
b. 100 mL
c. 70 mL
d. 30 mL

A

C

48
Q

During isovolumetric contraction of the left ventricle, pressure increases and :
a. Valves are closed, so volume remains constant
b. The aortic valve opens, so blood is ejected
c. The mitral valve opens, so blood enters the left ventricle

A

A

49
Q

During ventricular ejection, ventricular pressure must become higher than aortic
pressure for the aortic valve to open. Once it opens, all blood in the ventricle is ejected.
True or false?

A

False
- All blood is NOT ejected

50
Q

During ventricular filling, left ventricular pressure increases dramatically as blood enters
from the left atrium. True or false?

A

False
- pressure increases slowly and only slightly

51
Q

The effect of preload on the ventricular cycle is a(n) _________________ in end-
diastolic volume due a(n) _____________________ in venous return.
a. Decrease, decrease
b. Increase, increase

A

B

52
Q

If afterload increases, aortic pressure _________________, stroke volume/cardiac
output ___________________and end-diastolic volume _____________________.
a. Increases, increases, decreases
b. Increases, increases, increases
c. Increases, decreases, increases
d. Decreases, increases, decreases

A

C

53
Q

If tension in the ventricular wall increases, myocardial oxygen consumption increases.
True or false?

A

True

54
Q

The cardiac cycle allows for association of electrical, mechanical and acoustical events
during each contraction and relaxation cycle. When the left ventricle contracts and the
mitral valve closes, this coincides with:
a. The P wave of the ECG
b. Beginning of ventricular filling
c. Ventricular ejection
d. The first heart sound

A

D

55
Q

The unstressed volume is the volume of blood in the arteries, while stressed volume is
the volume of blood the veins can hold. True or false?

A

False

56
Q

Baroreceptors are pressure sensors located in the walls of the carotid sinus and aortic
arch. Their function is to:
a. Respond quickly to keep arterial pressure constant
b. Respond quickly to changes in cardiac output
c. Respond quickly to changes in resistance

A

A

57
Q

When an AP is translated into tension during Excitation-Contraction Coupling,
intracellular Ca rises and triggers more release of Ca from the SR via:
a. Alpha-1 receptors
b. Beta-1 receptors
c. Ryanodine receptors
d. Chemoreceptors

A

C

58
Q

Aldosterone secretion will increase when:
a. Arterial pressure increases
b. Arterial pressure decreases
c. HR decreases
d. Venous return decreases

A

B

59
Q

If blood volume decreases, this hormone would be released:
a. Aldosterone
b. Angiotensin I
c. Renin
d. Antidiuretic hormone

A

D

60
Q

This hormone is an important indicator of early heart failure and is released by the atria
in response to increased atrial pressure:
a. Angiotensin II
b. Atrial natriuretic peptide
c. Adenosine
d. Aldosterone

A

B

61
Q

You have the following information on a cat: end-diastolic volume = 12 mL, end-systolic
volume = 7.5 mL, and heart rate = 150. What is cardiac output? You must show your
work and include correct units to receive full credit

A

CO = strok volume x heart rate

CO = (EDV - ESV) x HR

CO = 4.5 mL x 150 BPM

CO = 675 mL/ min

62
Q

A 430 kg horse has an end-diastolic volume of 750 mL and a stroke volume of 475 mL.
What is the ejection fraction? You must show your work and include units (%) to
receive full credit

A

Ejection fraction = stroke volume / end-diastolic volume x 100 %

EF = (475/750) x 100
EF = (0.6333) x 100
EF = 63.3%

63
Q

Special circulations are controlled to varying degrees by local metabolites or the
sympathetic nervous system. The most important mechanism controlling the following
circulations is local metabolic control:
a. Coronary, cerebral, skin
b. Coronary, renal, skin
c. Coronary, cerebral, pulmonary

A

C

64
Q

The primary force causing fluid movement (filtration) out of the capillaries is:
a. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
b. Capillary oncotic pressure
c. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
d. Interstitial oncotic pressure

A

A

65
Q

Starling’s law of the capillary (old version) states that:
a. Fluid constantly moves out the capillaries throughout the length of the capillary
bed
b. Fluid moves out of the capillaries via hydrostatic pressure only towards the
venous side of the capillary bed
c. Fluid moves out of the capillaries via hydrostatic pressure only towards the
arterial side of the capillary bed

A

C

66
Q

The revised version of Starling’s law of the capillary states that:
a. Fluid constantly moves out the capillaries throughout the length of the capillary
bed
b. Fluid moves out of the capillaries via hydrostatic pressure only towards the
venous side of the capillary bed
c. Fluid moves out of the capillaries via hydrostatic pressure only towards the
arterial side of the capillary bed

A

A

67
Q

In the revised law, how does interstitial fluid move back into the general circulation?
a. Via the lymphatic vessels
b. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure favors movement back into the capillaries
towards the venous side of the capillary bed
c. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure favors movement back into the capillaries
towards the arterial side of the capillary bed

A

A

68
Q

You have the following information: end-diastolic volume = 500 mL, end-systolic volume
= 310 mL, heart rate = 45 bpm. What is stroke volume? You must show your work and
include correct units to receive full credit.

A

Stroke volume = end-diastolic volume - end-diastolic volume

SV= 500 - 310 = 190 mL

69
Q

What is heart rate if the RR interval is 1200 msec?

A

HR = 60,000 sec/1200 sec = 50 BPM (each second = 1000 msec) so 60,000 msec in one min

Physiology Final (21 decks)

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