Quiz 4 2024

Question 1

Which characteristics apply to juxtamedullary nephrons?

Answer 1

• larger glmoeruli
• glomeruli near the corticomedually border
• long loops of henle reaching into the inner medulla

Question 2

Which blood vessels branch from the efferent arteriole and surround both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons to assist in reabsorbing solutes and water from tubular filtrate?

Answer 2

paratubular capillaries

Question 3

Within which body fluid compartment will a loss or gain of water and/or electrolytes initially occur?

Answer 3

ECF

Question 4

If water only is lost from the ECF, what will be the response?

Answer 4

water moves from the ICF to the ECF

Question 5

Which compounds are renal vasodilators?

Answer 5

postaglandin E2

dopamine

Question 6

Where is the macula densa region located?

Answer 6

early distal tubule

Question 7

Which layer or part of the glomerular capillary keeps plasma proteins from diffusing into Bowman’s space in normal, healthy animals?

Answer 7

basement membrane

Question 8

If an obstruction of the ureter occurred, what changes regarding pressures and filtration would occur?

Answer 8

hydrostatic pressure in bowmans space would increase

GFR would decrease

Question 9

Which endogenous GFR marker can be affected by a loss of muscle mass?

Answer 9

creatinine

Question 10

In renal failure, what happens to the BUN:creatinine ratio?

Answer 10

ratio doesnt change, both value increase

Question 11

You have received the following renal measurements for a 29 kg dog. Calculate RPF and express your answer per kg of BW. Choose the correct numerical answer and correct units.

V = 2.7 mL/min

Pinulin = 3.0 mg/mL; Uinulin = 90 mg/mL

PPAH = 4 mg/mL; UPAH = 400 mg/mL

Answer 11

9.3 mL/min/kg

Question 12

In glucosuria caused by diabetes mellitus, how would plasma glucose compare to the reference range?

Answer 12

high relative to the reference rang

Question 13

As tubular fluid moves up the thin and thick ascending limb, what happens to its osmolarity?

Answer 13

it becomes hypo-osmotic

Question 14

What actions are performed by the principal cells in the late distal tubule and collecting ducts?

Answer 14

Na+ reabsorption
K+ secretion

water reabsorption

Question 15

If acidemia develops, which statements apply to hydrogen and potassium concentrations in blood?

Answer 15

hydrogen in blood increases, so hydrogen enters the cell for buffering

potassium leaves the cell in exchange for hydrogen entering. so hyperkalemia can develop in the blood

Question 16

Which factors will increase the magnitude of K+ secretion?

Answer 16

high dietary K+

aldesterone

loop diuretics

Question 17

Where is the majority of phosphate reabsorbed in the nephron?

Answer 17

proximal tubule

Question 18

In what areas of the nephron is calcium reabsorption tightly coupled to sodium reabsorption? Choose all that apply.

Answer 18

thick ascending limb
proximal tubule

Question 19

Ultimately, what effect does ADH have on osmolarity in the interstitial space?

Answer 19

increase osmolarity

Question 20

Within the interstitium of the kidney, where would osmolarity be greatest?

Answer 20

papilla

Question 21

Within the nephron, where is urea secreted into the tubular fluid?

Answer 21

thin desceing limb

Question 22

In what form is phosphorus needed to accept and buffer H+ in tubular fluid?

Answer 22

HPo42-

Question 23

Which amino acid is deaminated in the proximal tubule cell to ultimately accept H+ ions in the tubular fluid and trap it for excretion in urine?

Answer 23

glutamine

Question 24

Where does ADH increase activity of the urea-transporter 1 to increase urea reabsorption?

Answer 24

inner medullary collecting ducts

Question 25

Which transporters in the alpha-intercalated cells move H+ to the lumen where it combines with NH3 for excretion?

Answer 25

• H+ ATPase
• H+/K+ ATPase