Quiz 3 2023

Question 1

Which type of nephron has glomeruli in the outer cortex and loops of henle descending into the outer medulla

Answer 1

Superficial cortical nephron

Question 2

Which special blood vessel surround the loop of henle in juztaedullary nephrons and help establish the osmotic gradient in the inner medulla

Answer 2

Vasa recta

Question 3

Within which body fluid compartment will a loss or gain of water and or electrolytes initially occur

Answer 3

Extracellular fluid compartment

Question 4

If water only is lost from the ECF, what will be the response

Answer 4

Water will move from the ICF to the ECF

Question 5

What effect do local produced prostaglandins have on RBF

Answer 5

Increase

Question 6

If a substance has a clearance ratio of 1.0, how is the substance handled in the kidney?

Answer 6

Filtered

Question 7

Which renal arteriole is more sensitive to angiotensin 2

Answer 7

Efferent arteriole

Question 8

Which layer or part of the glomerular capillary keeps plasma proteins from diffusing into Bowmans space in normal healthy animals?

Answer 8

Basement membrane

Question 9

In glomerular capillaries which starling force opposes filtration and is responsible for contributing to reabsorption in the peritubular capillaries?

Answer 9

Oncotic pressure in glomerular capillary

Question 10

In renal failure, what happens to the BUN:creatinine ratio

Answer 10

Ratio does NOT change, both values increase

Question 11

Following information
- 29 kg dog
Calculate RPF. And report answer in kg of BW

V = 2.7 mL/min

Pinulin = 3.0 mg/mL; Uinulin = 90 mg/mL

PPAH = 4 mg/mL; UPAH = 400 mg/mL

Answer 11

RPF = (UPAH X V) / PPAH

RPF = (400 mg/mL x 2.7 mL/min) / 4 mg/mL

RPF = 270 mL/min

RBF / BW

270 mL /min / 29 kg

9.3 mL/min/kg

Question 12

In glucosuria caused by diabetes mellitus, how would plasma glucose compare to the reference range?

Answer 12

High relative to the reference range

Question 13

As tubular fluid moves up the thin and thick ascending limb, what happens to its osmolarity

Answer 13

It becomes hypo-osmotic

Question 14

In what part if the nephron with thiazide diuretics prevent NaCl reabsrption?

Answer 14

Early distal tubule

Question 15

In alkalemia, potassium ______ cell and hydrogen _______ cell

Answer 15

Enters
Leaves

Question 16

On a normal to high potassium diet, K+ will be secreted by principle cells in the distal tubule and collecting ducts using H+/K+ ATPase T/F

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What effect does vitamin D3 have on phosphorus balance?

Answer 17

Increases phosphate retention

Question 18

In what areas of the nephron is calcium reabsorption tightly coupled to sodium reabsorption?

Answer 18

Proximal tubule
Thick ascending limb

Question 19

Ultimately, what effect does ADH have on osmolarity in the interstitial space

Answer 19

Increase osmolarity

Question 20

Within the nephron, where is urea secreted into the tubular fluid?

Answer 20

Thin descending lib

Question 21

In what form is phosphorus needed to accept and buffer H+ in tubular fluid

Answer 21

HPO42-

Question 22

Which amino acid is delaminated in the proximal tubule cell to ultimately accept H+ ions in the tubular fluid and trap it for excretion in urine?

Answer 22

Glutamine

Question 23

What effect would you predict an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity to have on RBF and GFR?

Answer 23

Decrease both

Question 24

What do we know in order to calculate RBF?

Answer 24

Hematocrit
RPF

Question 25

Which organism excretes the largest fractional percentage of it nitrogenous waste as ammonia?

Answer 25

Larval salamander