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Physiology Final > Quiz 1 2024 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ECF volume of a 150 KG pig (L)?

A

30 L

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2
Q

Which substance is a major anion in the ECF

A

HCO3-

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3
Q

Which transporter directly uses energy to move its solute?

A

Ca2+ ATPase

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4
Q

If a cell with normal osmolarity is placed in a solution that is 330 moms/L, where will water move via osmosis

A

Water will move from the cell to the solution

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5
Q

Solution A has a osmolarity of 245 mOsm/L and solution B has an osmolarity of 230 mOsm/L Which solution has the greater osmotic pressure

A

Solution A

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6
Q

Which events is / are associated with repolarization

A

Opening of K+ channels and closing Na+ inactivation gates

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7
Q

Which statement apply to myelination of nerve fibers
- myelination decrease capacitance
- at nodes of river, membrane resistance is low
- myelination increases membrane resistance
- myelination increases capacitance
- myelination decreases membrane resistance
- at nodes of ranvier, membrane resistance is high

A

Myelination decreases capacitance
At nodes of ranvier membrane resistance is low
Myelination increases membrane resistance

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8
Q

Which neurotransmitter is excitatory and can use either ionotropic or metabotropic receptors

A

Glutamate

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9
Q

Which statement apply to inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
- Cl channels open
- post synaptic neuron is hyperpolarized
- Na+ and K+ channels open
- Post synaptic neuron is depolarized

A

Cl channels open
Post-synaptic neuron is hyperpolarized

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10
Q

Which CNS brain structure is most associated with coordination of volitional and stabilizing movements,as well as maintenance of posture

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

VEGF-A expression ceases after the cardiovascular system is formed - true or false

A

False

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12
Q

When alpha 1 receptors are activated, which second messenger cascade is activated and what is the effect on vascular smooth muscle?

A

Contraction of vascular smooth muscle
Phospholipase C

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13
Q

In the PNS, receptors on effector organs are nicotinic - true or false

A

False

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14
Q

Which fiber type has the smallest relative diameter and slowest conduction velocity
- alpha motor
- Gamma motor
- Type III sensory
- Post ganglionic autonomic

A

Post ganglionic autonomic

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15
Q

To which subunit of troponin does calcium bind when intracellular calcium concentration rises?

A

Troponin C

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16
Q

In cross bridge cycling, what causes myosin to release from actin, move towards the plus end of actin and bind a new site on actin?

A

ATP binding myosin head

17
Q

What characteristics apply to slow twitch fibers
- Low oxidative capacity
- low vascular supply
- High vascular supply
- recruited last during a muscle contraction
- high oxidative capacity
- recruited first during a muscle contraction

A

Recruited first during a muscle contraction
High oxidative capacity
High vascular supply

18
Q

How does extracellular calcium enter cardiac cells during a muscle contraction?

A

L-type calcium channels

19
Q

Which enzyme changes myosin head conformation to allow it to bind to actin in smooth muscle?

A

Myosin light-chain kinase

20
Q

Which substances can penetrate skin fairly well?
A. Fat-soluble vitamins
B. Water
C. Alcohols
D. CO2
E. O2

A

A, C, D, & E

21
Q

Which characteristics apply to apocrine sweat glands?
A. Secrete into duct connected to pilosebaceous canal
B. Secrete only a watery fluid hypotonic to plasma
C. Secrete proteins and lipids in addition to typical sweat components
D. Secrete into duct connected to skin surface

A

A & C

22
Q

What is the description/function of a Neutrophil?

A

Granules supply lysosomal enzymes and hydrogen peroxide to digest and kill

23
Q

How many oxygen molecules can be bound in one hemoglobin molecule?

A

4

24
Q

Which compounds are formed in a primary platelet plug and help stabilize the plug to ultimately form a clot?

A

Fibrin and Thrombin

25
Q

What is the description/function of a Monocyte?

A

Transforms to a macrophage before using acidic pH, enzymes, and hydrogen peroxide to kill

26
Q

What is the description/function of an Eosinophil?

A

Granules contain histaminase to dampen/stop allergic reactions

27
Q

What is the description/function of a Basophil?

A

Contains cell-surface receptors for IgE and granules contain substances to enhance allergic reactions

28
Q

What is the description/function of a Lymphocyte?

A

Involved in killing or inactivating antigens, and creating memory cells to respond to antigens when exposed in the future

Physiology Final (21 decks)

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