quiz #5 Flashcards
semi-conservative replication
each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand, ensuring genetic continuity
DNA polymerase
adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
Helicase
unwinds the DNA double helix
ligase
seals gaps between DNA fragments (like Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand). joins DNA fragments by sealing breaks in the sugar- phosphate backbone
CRISPR-Cas9
used for precise gene editing in organisms - a method that allows scientists to make targeted edits in an organism’s genome
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
a fast technique that amplifies DNA, producing millions of copies of a DNA segment quickly
restriction enzymes
cut DNA at specific sequences, often used in genetic engineering
gel electrophoresis
separates DNA fragments by size to visualize or analyze genetic material
gene therapy
uses a viral vector to deliver therapeutic genes to treat genetic disorders
human genome project
successfully mapped all human genes, providing insights into genetic structure and function
DNA
the molecule that stores genetic information
nucleotides
the basic units of DNA, each containing a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
alleles
different forms of a gene, dominant alleles are expressed with just one copy, while recessive alleles require two identical copies to be expressed
genotype v. phenotype
genotype is the genetic makeup, phenotype is the observable traits
homozygous
having two identical alleles for a specific trait
