Quiz #3

Question 1

plasma membrane

Answer 1

function: regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell
structure: phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
fluid mosaic model: membrane is dynamic with moving components

Question 2

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

rough er: protein synthesis and modification part of the endomembrane system
smooth er: lipid synthesis and detoxification (lacks ribosomes) - not part of the endomembrane system

Question 3

mitochondria

Answer 3

function: produces ATP through cellular respiration using glucose

Question 4

prokaryotic cells

Answer 4

bacteria, archaea, lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 5

eukaryotic cells

Answer 5

animals, plants, fungi, protists, have a nucleus and specialized organelles like mitochondria

Question 6

microscopy techniques

Answer 6

light microscope - uses visible light, can view living organisms
fluorescence microscope - uses fluorescent dyes for subcellular structures
electron microscope - provides high magnification and resolution but cannot view live cells

Question 7

endomembrane system

Answer 7

endoplasmic reticulum - rough er: protein synthesis and modification- part of the endomembrane system
Golgi apparatus: packages and sorts proteins for delivery to their final destination
lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes to break down cellular waste and old organelles

Question 8

passive transport

Answer 8

diffusion: molecules move from high to low concentration
osmosis: movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane (water moves from hypotonic to hypertonic solution)
facilitated diffusion: involves channel or carrier proteins to move molecules across the membrane

Question 9

active transport

Answer 9

requires energy (atp) and protein pumps (sodium-potassium pump) to move molecules against their concentration gradient

Question 10

bulk transport

Answer 10

exocytosis: transport of large molecules out of the cell
endocytosis: transport of large molecules into the cell - phagocytosis: engulfs large particles
- pinocytosis: engulfs smaller particles or fluids

Question 11

cytoskeleton

Answer 11

actin filaments: involved in cell movement and division
intermediate filaments: provide structural support and anchor organelles
microtubules: involved in cell division, vesicle transport and forming structures like cilia and flagella

Question 12

plant cells

Answer 12

have a cell wall, chloroplasts (photosynthesis) and a large central vacuole

Question 13

animal cells

Answer 13

have centrioles and lysosomes, which are absent in plant cells

Question 14

membrane structure

Answer 14

phospholipid bilayer: composed of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
proteins in the membrane: involved in transport, cell recognition, and signaling

Question 15

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 15

explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from ancient prokaryotic cells