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OLD "MIC 660" > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of IL-2 in T cell activation?

A

drives mitosis and clonal expansion

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2
Q

Which T helper cells activate B cells for neutralization?

A

TH2
TFH

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3
Q

Which T helper cells activate phagocytic cells?

A

TH1
TH17

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4
Q

Which T helper cells help regulate immune response?

A

Treg

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5
Q

Depending on the type of infection, different __________ will be released by APC and mediate ___________

A

cytokines
differentiation into effector T cell subsets

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6
Q

What kinase regulates cytokine mediated T cell differentiation?

A

JAK

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7
Q

What is the process of cytokine mediated T cell differentiation?

A
  1. JAK is phosphorylated
  2. STAT is phosphorylated and dimerized
  3. STAT enters nucleus and turns on genes to determine effector function and cytokine production
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8
Q

What released by APCs mediates the differentiation into effector T cell subsets?

A

cytokines

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9
Q

_____ T cells require stronger activation between B7 and CD28 than ______ T cells

A

CD8
CD4

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10
Q

What 2 ways can dendritic cells present endogenous antigen to CD8 T cells on MHC I?

A
  1. DCs infected with an intracellular pathogen can activate CD8 independently
  2. DCs not infected can phagocytose intracellular pathogen before it can get into cell and use cross presentation
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11
Q

cytotoxic T cells induce ________ of target cell

A

apoptosis

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12
Q

What 2 things does cytotoxic T cells contain?

A

perforin
grazymes

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13
Q

What does FasL do for cytotoxic T cells?

A

binds to capase thats released into cytosol causing apoptosis of target cell

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14
Q

T/F?? The perforin/granzyme and Fas pathway both cause apoptosis.

A

True

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15
Q

What 3 things does TH1 induce?

A
  • enhance macrophages
  • differentiation of CD8 T cells into cytotoxic T cells
  • B cell class switching
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16
Q

What does TH2 induce?

A
  • B cells
    granulocytes v. parasitic infections
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17
Q

What does TFH cells induce?

A
  • activate and differentiation of B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymph tissues
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18
Q

What does TH17 induce?

A

recruitment of neutrophils

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19
Q

What does Treg maintain?

A
  • maintains peripheral tolerance
  • immune response
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20
Q

What signal does TH1 secrete to attract macrophages?

A

INF-gamma

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21
Q

How TH1 deal with macrophages that cannot clear infection?

A

induces FasL to causes apoptosis of infected macrophages

22
Q

TH1 cells induce _________ in B cells which activates the classical complement pathway

A

class switching

23
Q

TH1 secrete ____ and ______ to induce CD8 T cells to differentiate into CTL

A

IL-2
INF-gamma

24
Q

What TH cell is specific for worm parasites (helminths) ?

A

TH2

25
Q

What 2 cytokines are produced by TH2 cells and what do they induce?

A

IL-4 (class switching in B cells for IgE)
IL-5 (degranulation)

26
Q

What cytokine does TFH cells produce to keep them in secondary lymph tissue?

A

CXCR5

27
Q

What is called when TFH recognizes the antigen presented by B cells in secondary lymph tissue?

A

conjugate pair

28
Q

What is it called when a cluster of proliferating TFH and B cells form in the germinal center?

A

primary focus

29
Q

What cytokine does TH17 produce to recruit neutrophils?

A

IL-17

30
Q

What T helper cells help with peripheral tolerance?

A

Treg

31
Q

What T helper cells help prevent an overactive immune system?

A

Treg

32
Q

How do Treg cells help prevent an overactive immune system?

A

deactivate CD4 and CD8 cells once they do their job

33
Q

New cancer treatment decreases the function of what T helper cell?

A

Treg

34
Q

What do natural killer T cells (NKT) express?

A

express TCR (adaptive)
express surface receptors of NK cells (innate)

35
Q

On NKT cells, what does their alpha/beta receptors recognize?

A

glycolipids presented on CD1d

36
Q

How do NKT cells kill infected cells?

A
  1. apoptosis via perforin/granzymes
  2. apoptosis via FasL
37
Q

What is the T cell immunodeficiency, Omenn Syndome? (inherited)

A

Rag1/2 are mutated causing VDJ recombination to not occur

38
Q

What is the T cell immunodeficiency, Mutations in Cytokine Receptor gamma(yc)-chain? (inherited)

A

prevent JAK3 activation preventing cytokines and important functions for T cells (like development, differentiation, activation and expansion)

39
Q

What is the T cell immunodeficiency, ADA deficiency? (inherited)

A

ADA and PNP deficiency inhibiting DNA synthesis preventing cell proliferation

excess dGTP which is toxic to cells causing apoptosis

40
Q

What is the T cell immunodeficiency, DiGeroge Syndrome? (inherited)

A

absence of a portion on chromosome 22
impacts thymus development = decreased T cells

41
Q

What is the T cell immunodeficiency, Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome (BLS)? (inherited)

A

Class I: TAP (responsible for getting antigens from cytoplasm to ER for class I MHC) is mutated
Class II: MHC II isn’t expressed

42
Q

What is the T cell immunodeficiency, Mutations in Signaling Proteins? (inherited)

A

CD3 and ZAP-70 are mutated preventing activation of T cells and clonal expansion

43
Q

What is the T cell immunodeficiency, immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin? (aquired)

A

antiviral that prevents activation of NFAT and T cell activation

44
Q

What is the T cell immunodeficiency, immunosuppressant drug corticosteroid? (aquired)

A

anti inflammatory that increases expression of IkB and blocks activation of NFkB, impairing T cells to clonal expansion

45
Q

What is the T cell immunodeficiency, HIV and AIDS? (aquired)

A

reverse transcriptase of HIV infected CD4 cells and induces immunosuppression

46
Q

What do drugs that treat HIV target?

A

reverse transcriptase

47
Q

What 2 ways are self reactive T cells controlled?

A

negative selection
peripheral tolerance

48
Q

What is an example of failure of central tolerance of T cells?

A

lack of AIRE results in incomplete negative selection causing autoimmunity

49
Q

What is APECED?

A

absence of AIRE resulting in autoreactive cells that lead to malfunctions of endocrine glands that express tissue specific genes

50
Q

What are 2 examples of failure of peripheral tolerance of T cells?

A

lack of CD28–B7 = no peripheral tolerance = anergic T cells and autoreactive T cells

lack of CTLA4 = prevents Treg = overactive T cells

51
Q

What is IPEX?

A

mutation in FOXP3 causing loss of Treg resulting in autoimmune response

OLD "MIC 660" (10 decks)

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