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OLD "MIC 660" > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 examples of pathogens?

A
  1. bacteria
  2. virus
  3. fungi
  4. parasites
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2
Q

What are 2 examples of a 1st lines of defense?

A

skin
mucosal membrane

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3
Q

What are 3 examples of a 2nd line of defense?

A

antimicrobial proteins
inflammation
fever

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4
Q

What are 3 examples of a 3rd line of defense?

A

lymphocytes
antibodies
memory cells

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5
Q

What are some example of innate cells?

A

monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells

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6
Q

Granulocytes are involved in __________ immunity while agranulocytes are involved in _________ immunity

A

innate
adaptive

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7
Q

T/F? Innate immune system is pathogen specific?

A

false, it is not specific

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8
Q

What are 2 ways fevers beneficial in the immune response?

A

lowers the replication rate of pathogens
increases the activity of adaptive immune response

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9
Q

___________ is a substance that can stimulate an immune response specifically activating lymphocytes

A

antigen

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10
Q

Do B or T cells recognize soluble antigens?

A

B cells

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11
Q

Are B or T cells Humoral Immunity?

A

B cells

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12
Q

Do B or T cells present microbes on MHC molecules?

A

B cells

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13
Q

Do B or T cells recognize antigens presented on MHC molecules?

A

T cells

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14
Q

Are B or T cells Cel Mediated Immunity?

A

T cells

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15
Q

When you are exposed to a microbe the second time, how is the response strength different?

A

stronger and faster

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16
Q

What happens in primary lymphoid tissue?

A

cell development

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16
Q

What are some examples of primary lymphoid tissue?

A

bone marrow
thymus

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17
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

bone marrow

18
Q

Where do T cells develop?

A

thymus

19
Q

What happens in secondary lymphoid tissue?

A

initiation of adaptive immune response
presentation of antigens

20
Q

What are some example of secondary lymphoid tissue?

A

lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen
Peyers patch
MALT

21
Q

What is so special about mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

A

no inflammation occurs because its dangerous

22
Q

What are 4 examples of how the immune system can go wrong?

A
  1. hypersensitivity
  2. autoimmunity
  3. immunodeficiency
  4. cancer cells
23
Q

How do antimicrobial peptides/proteins destroy microbes?

A

they have a positive charge that destroys the microbes lipid bilayer

24
Q

_________ look for PAMPS (pathogen associated molecular patterns)

A

pattern recognition receptors (PRR)

25
Q

What are 5 examples of pattern recognition receptors?

A
  1. toll-like receptors
  2. lectins
  3. scavenger receptors
  4. cytosolic innate receptors
  5. opsonic receptors
26
Q

How do toll-like receptors function?

A

PAMPS bind to TLR which induces signaling of cytokines

27
Q

How do lectins function?

A

bind to microbe’s CARBOHYDRATE cell surface and induce phagocytosis

28
Q

How do scavenger receptors function?

A

recognize negativly charged PAMPS inducing phagocytosis

29
Q

How do cytosolic innate receptors function?

A

activates signaling pathways that inhibit INTRACELLULAR growth of pathogens

30
Q

how do opsonic receptors function?

A

tag pathogens with OPSONIN as targets for phagocytosis

31
Q

What are 3 phagocytic cells?

A

macrophages
neutrophils
dendritic cells

32
Q

What are the 2 types of cells that are signaled for via pattern recognition receptors?

A

cytokines
chemokines

33
Q

____________ are cells that communicate among immune cells

A

cytokines

34
Q

___________ are secreted cytokines who induce migration of WBC

A

chemokines

35
Q

What are the 2 types of cytokines?

A

inflammatory
antiviral

36
Q

Where are macrophages located?

A

throughout tissue

37
Q

What is the most numerous WBC?

A

neutrophils

38
Q

Where are neutrophils located?

A

blood

39
Q

what is the function of neutrophils?

A

granulocyte that kill pathogens via phagocytosis, degrangulation, or netosis

40
Q

What is NETosis?

A

spits out fibers and antimicrobial proteins to trap microbe

41
Q

What is the function of dendritic cells?

A

digests microbes and presents them on the MHC moleculesfor T cells

42
Q

What is the function of natural killer cells?

A

cause holes in microbe’s membrane

43
Q
A

OLD "MIC 660" (10 decks)

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