Quiz 1

Question 1

What are 4 examples of pathogens?

Answer 1

1. bacteria
2. virus
3. fungi
4. parasites

Question 2

What are 2 examples of a 1st lines of defense?

Answer 2

skin
mucosal membrane

Question 3

What are 3 examples of a 2nd line of defense?

Answer 3

antimicrobial proteins
inflammation
fever

Question 4

What are 3 examples of a 3rd line of defense?

Answer 4

lymphocytes
antibodies
memory cells

Question 5

What are some example of innate cells?

Answer 5

monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells

Question 6

Granulocytes are involved in __________ immunity while agranulocytes are involved in _________ immunity

Answer 6

innate
adaptive

Question 7

T/F? Innate immune system is pathogen specific?

Answer 7

false, it is not specific

Question 8

What are 2 ways fevers beneficial in the immune response?

Answer 8

lowers the replication rate of pathogens
increases the activity of adaptive immune response

Question 9

___________ is a substance that can stimulate an immune response specifically activating lymphocytes

Answer 9

antigen

Question 10

Do B or T cells recognize soluble antigens?

Answer 10

B cells

Question 11

Are B or T cells Humoral Immunity?

Answer 11

B cells

Question 12

Do B or T cells present microbes on MHC molecules?

Answer 12

B cells

Question 13

Do B or T cells recognize antigens presented on MHC molecules?

Answer 13

T cells

Question 14

Are B or T cells Cel Mediated Immunity?

Answer 14

T cells

Question 15

When you are exposed to a microbe the second time, how is the response strength different?

Answer 15

stronger and faster

Question 16

What happens in primary lymphoid tissue?

Answer 16

cell development

Question 16

What are some examples of primary lymphoid tissue?

Answer 16

bone marrow
thymus

Question 17

Where do B cells mature?

Answer 17

bone marrow

Question 18

Where do T cells develop?

Answer 18

thymus

Question 19

What happens in secondary lymphoid tissue?

Answer 19

initiation of adaptive immune response
presentation of antigens

Question 20

What are some example of secondary lymphoid tissue?

Answer 20

lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen
Peyers patch
MALT

Question 21

What is so special about mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

Answer 21

no inflammation occurs because its dangerous

Question 22

What are 4 examples of how the immune system can go wrong?

Answer 22

1. hypersensitivity
2. autoimmunity
3. immunodeficiency
4. cancer cells

Question 23

How do antimicrobial peptides/proteins destroy microbes?

Answer 23

they have a positive charge that destroys the microbes lipid bilayer

Question 24

_________ look for PAMPS (pathogen associated molecular patterns)

Answer 24

pattern recognition receptors (PRR)

Question 25

What are 5 examples of pattern recognition receptors?

Answer 25

1. toll-like receptors 2. lectins 3. scavenger receptors 4. cytosolic innate receptors 5. opsonic receptors

Question 26

How do toll-like receptors function?

Answer 26

PAMPS bind to TLR which induces signaling of cytokines

Question 27

How do lectins function?

Answer 27

bind to microbe's CARBOHYDRATE cell surface and induce phagocytosis

Question 28

How do scavenger receptors function?

Answer 28

recognize negativly charged PAMPS inducing phagocytosis

Question 29

How do cytosolic innate receptors function?

Answer 29

activates signaling pathways that inhibit INTRACELLULAR growth of pathogens

Question 30

how do opsonic receptors function?

Answer 30

tag pathogens with OPSONIN as targets for phagocytosis

Question 31

What are 3 phagocytic cells?

Answer 31

macrophages neutrophils dendritic cells

Question 32

What are the 2 types of cells that are signaled for via pattern recognition receptors?

Answer 32

cytokines chemokines

Question 33

____________ are cells that communicate among immune cells

Answer 33

cytokines

Question 34

___________ are secreted cytokines who induce migration of WBC

Answer 34

chemokines

Question 35

What are the 2 types of cytokines?

Answer 35

inflammatory antiviral

Question 36

Where are macrophages located?

Answer 36

throughout tissue

Question 37

What is the most numerous WBC?

Answer 37

neutrophils

Question 38

Where are neutrophils located?

Answer 38

blood

Question 39

what is the function of neutrophils?

Answer 39

granulocyte that kill pathogens via phagocytosis, degrangulation, or netosis

Question 40

What is NETosis?

Answer 40

spits out fibers and antimicrobial proteins to trap microbe

Question 41

What is the function of dendritic cells?

Answer 41

digests microbes and presents them on the MHC moleculesfor T cells

Question 42

What is the function of natural killer cells?

Answer 42

cause holes in microbe's membrane