Quiz 1 Flashcards
What are 4 examples of pathogens?
- bacteria
- virus
- fungi
- parasites
What are 2 examples of a 1st lines of defense?
skin
mucosal membrane
What are 3 examples of a 2nd line of defense?
antimicrobial proteins
inflammation
fever
What are 3 examples of a 3rd line of defense?
lymphocytes
antibodies
memory cells
What are some example of innate cells?
monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells
Granulocytes are involved in __________ immunity while agranulocytes are involved in _________ immunity
innate
adaptive
T/F? Innate immune system is pathogen specific?
false, it is not specific
What are 2 ways fevers beneficial in the immune response?
lowers the replication rate of pathogens
increases the activity of adaptive immune response
___________ is a substance that can stimulate an immune response specifically activating lymphocytes
antigen
Do B or T cells recognize soluble antigens?
B cells
Are B or T cells Humoral Immunity?
B cells
Do B or T cells present microbes on MHC molecules?
B cells
Do B or T cells recognize antigens presented on MHC molecules?
T cells
Are B or T cells Cel Mediated Immunity?
T cells
When you are exposed to a microbe the second time, how is the response strength different?
stronger and faster
What happens in primary lymphoid tissue?
cell development
What are some examples of primary lymphoid tissue?
bone marrow
thymus
Where do B cells mature?
bone marrow
Where do T cells develop?
thymus
What happens in secondary lymphoid tissue?
initiation of adaptive immune response
presentation of antigens
What are some example of secondary lymphoid tissue?
lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen
Peyers patch
MALT
What is so special about mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?
no inflammation occurs because its dangerous
What are 4 examples of how the immune system can go wrong?
- hypersensitivity
- autoimmunity
- immunodeficiency
- cancer cells
How do antimicrobial peptides/proteins destroy microbes?
they have a positive charge that destroys the microbes lipid bilayer
_________ look for PAMPS (pathogen associated molecular patterns)
pattern recognition receptors (PRR)
What are 5 examples of pattern recognition receptors?
- toll-like receptors
- lectins
- scavenger receptors
- cytosolic innate receptors
- opsonic receptors
How do toll-like receptors function?
PAMPS bind to TLR which induces signaling of cytokines
How do lectins function?
bind to microbe’s CARBOHYDRATE cell surface and induce phagocytosis
How do scavenger receptors function?
recognize negativly charged PAMPS inducing phagocytosis
How do cytosolic innate receptors function?
activates signaling pathways that inhibit INTRACELLULAR growth of pathogens
how do opsonic receptors function?
tag pathogens with OPSONIN as targets for phagocytosis
What are 3 phagocytic cells?
macrophages
neutrophils
dendritic cells
What are the 2 types of cells that are signaled for via pattern recognition receptors?
cytokines
chemokines
____________ are cells that communicate among immune cells
cytokines
___________ are secreted cytokines who induce migration of WBC
chemokines
What are the 2 types of cytokines?
inflammatory
antiviral
Where are macrophages located?
throughout tissue
What is the most numerous WBC?
neutrophils
Where are neutrophils located?
blood
what is the function of neutrophils?
granulocyte that kill pathogens via phagocytosis, degrangulation, or netosis
What is NETosis?
spits out fibers and antimicrobial proteins to trap microbe
What is the function of dendritic cells?
digests microbes and presents them on the MHC moleculesfor T cells
What is the function of natural killer cells?
cause holes in microbe’s membrane
