Quiz 2

Question 1

What are the goals of the complement system?

Answer 1

anaphlaltoxins
MAC
opsonization

Question 2

What is complement fixation?

Answer 2

attachment of protein fragments to the surface of pathogens marking them for phagocytosis and avoiding host cells

Question 3

What is the membrane attack complex (MAC)?

Answer 3

5 subunit complex that forms pores in pathogens

Question 4

What is an anaphylatoxin?

Answer 4

complement protein fragments that induce inflammation

Question 5

What is the first complement pathway to activate and why?

Answer 5

alternative pathway; its proteins circulate the blood

Question 6

What 2 complement pathways require inflammation to activate?

Answer 6

lectin and classical

Question 7

What is the C3 convertase for the alternative pathway?

Answer 7

C3Bb

Question 8

What is the C3 convertase of the lectin pathway?

Answer 8

C4b2b

Question 8

What is the C3 convertase of the classical pathway?

Answer 8

C4b2a

Question 9

What do all 5 of the MAC subunit do?

Answer 9

C5b, C6, C7 bind together exposing C7’s hydrophobic site so it can insert into the pathogen
C8 binds to the rest of complex as a docking site for C9

Question 10

What are the 2 MAC regulation proteins?

Answer 10

plasma proteins
cell-surface proteins

Question 11

How do PLASMA MAC regulation proteins prevent host cell damage?

Answer 11

prevent soluble C6 and C7 from binding to host cells

Question 12

How do CELL-SURFACE MAC regulation protein prevent host cell damage?

Answer 12

prevents C9 recruitment

Question 13

What are 3 examples of plasma MAC regulation protein?

Answer 13

1. S protein
2. clusterin
3. factor J

Question 14

What are 2 examples of cell-surface MAC regulation protein?

Answer 14

1. CD59 (protectin)
2. HRF

Question 15

What are 2 examples of anaphaltoxins in the alternative complement pathway?

Answer 15

C3a and C5a

Question 16

What 3 places do alternative anaphalatoxins bind and why?

Answer 16

1. endothelial cells (increase blood flow)
2. granulocytes (induce degranulation)
3. phagocytes (attract phagocytes)

Question 17

What do protease inhibitors do and an example?

Answer 17

inhibit bacterial proteases
alpha 1-macroglobulin: traps microbes like a venus fly trap

Question 18

What do defensins do?

Answer 18

poke holes in pathogen membrane

Question 19

What kinds of cells express alpha-defensins?

Answer 19

neutrophils and paneth cells

Question 20

What kinds of cells express beta-defensins?

Answer 20

epithelial cells

Question 21

What cell is involved in the most common immunodeficiencies?

Answer 21

B cells

Question 22

What is the difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiencies?

Answer 22

primary - inherited
secondary - aquired

Question 23

Primary immunodeficiencies are ______ which tend to be rare

Answer 23

monogenic

Question 24

What are the 5 categories of immunodeficiencies?

Answer 24

1. physical/microbial 2. complement 3. pattern recognition receptors 4. phagocytic 5. NK cells

Question 25

What are 2 examples of microbial immunodeficiencies?

Answer 25

1. cystic fibrosis 2. crohns

Question 26

What are 3 examples of complement immunodeficiencies?

Answer 26

1. Factor H/I 2. MAC deficiency 3. C1, 2, 3, 4 deficiency

Question 27

What is an example of a PRR immunodeficiencies?

Answer 27

recurrent HSE (herpes)

Question 28

What are 3 examples of phagocytic immunodeficiencies?

Answer 28

1. leukocyte adhesion deficency 2. Chediak-Higashi syndrome 3. chronic granulomatous disease

Question 29

What are 2 examples of NK cell immunodeficiencies?

Answer 29

1. classical NK cell deficiency 2. Functional NK cell deficiency

Question 30

How is cystic fibrosus an immunodeficiency?

Answer 30

mucous formed is too thick causing biofilms ; CFTR protein is faulty

Question 31

How is crohns disease an immunodeficiency?

Answer 31

paneth epitheial cells lack expression of a-definsins causing increased microflora

Question 32

How is Factor H and I deficiency an immunodeficiency?

Answer 32

Factor H and I cleave C3b to make iCb3 which stops complement without complement is over activated and C3 is depleted from serum

Question 33

How is improper formation of MAC an immunodeficiency?

Answer 33

if any of the 5 subunits are messed up MAC wont form

Question 34

How is Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema (HANE) an immunodeficiency?

Answer 34

improper activation of classical C3 convertase causing non-specific cleavage of C2 and C4 causing inflammation that doesn't respond to medication and protein depletion in plasma

Question 35

What is pyogenic bacteria?

Answer 35

induces acute neutrophilic inflammation and pus

Question 36

How is recurrent HSE an immunodeficiency?

Answer 36

PRR signaling is impaired causing a NK cells to not do their job and viral replication to be uncontrolled (INF not working)

Question 37

How is leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) an immunodeficiency?

Answer 37

cell is not able to bind to microbe tight binding for neutrophils impaired because b2-integrin doesn't work

Question 38

How is Chediak-Higagi syndrome an immunodeficiency and what does it cause on the cellular level of other immune cells?

Answer 38

phagosome cannot bind to to lysosome to create phagolysosome causing giant granules and deficient NK cells

Question 39

How is Chronic Degranulomatous syndrome an immunodeficiency?

Answer 39

NADPH oxidase doesn't work and cell degradation doesn't happen causing neutrophil build up

Question 40

How is classical NK cell deficiency an immunodeficiency?

Answer 40

absence of very low number of NK cells

Question 41

How is functional NK cell deficiency an immunodeficiency?

Answer 41

defective NK cells where Fc receptor cannot interact with microbe

Question 42

_______ binds to all C3 convertases to create C5 convertases which is cleaved into C5a and C5b to create MAC

Answer 42

C3b

Question 43

Is C5a or C5b the beginning of the MAC?

Answer 43

C5b

Question 44

What is the job of Properdin (Factor P)?

Answer 44

protects alternative C3 convertase on pathogen's surface

Question 45

What is the job of Factor H and I?

Answer 45

cleaves bound C3b making it inactive (stopping complement)

Question 46

What are the two PLASMA C3b regulating proteins?

Answer 46

1. Properdin (Factor P) 2. Factor H and I

Question 47

What are the two MEMBRANE C3b regulating proteins?

Answer 47

1. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) 2. Membrane cofactor protein (MCP)

Question 48

What is the job of Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and Membrane cofactor protein (MCP)?

Answer 48

protects host cells (disassembling of alternative C3 convertase)