Quiz 4 (Top down model) Flashcards
Top refers to the…
areas of the brain responsible for higher-level cognition
Examples:
- Goal setting
- Decision-making
- Language
- Memory
Top-down processing
Refers to processing that originates in higher cognition and proceeds downward towards sensation
Top down uses your…
background knowledge to influence perception
Two types of top-down processing
- Expectation/bias
- Context
Word superiority effect study
Experiment 1:
1. Word condition: flash word
2. Letter condition: flash letter
Experiment 2:
- Forced choice
People better at letter recognition in word cognition in both conditions
- Same with non-word condition but pronounceable
Interactive activation model
- Bidirectional activity (bottom-up and top-down)
- Inhibitory and excitatory activation
- Connection weights
- Parallel distributed processing
Connectionism/connectionist networks
A network model of mental operation that proposes that concepts are represented in networks.
- Specific category is represented by activity that is distributed over many units in the network
Interactive activation model
Each level the information is represented in a neuron which then connect to the next level which is more complicated and connects to multiple and the third level is the most complicated
Interactive Activation model
Break info down into different levels and levels are connected
nodes
set of neurons firing
can nodes have more than one connection
yes
what is the difference between pandenomium model and interactive activation model?
interactive activation model also has top down influence
- the words can help you figure out what the letter may be
bottom-up features … and/or … letters
excite
inhibit
top-down words … and … letters
inhibit
excite
bottom-up is
features activating letters
top down is
words activating letters
interactive activation model explains superiority effect because…
there is bottom-up and anticipation of the words due to top-down
- allows you to predict
dorsal and ventral streams have both … and … processing
top-down
bottom-up
top-down reading effects
you use what you know to interpret what is there
superiority effect
you identify a letter faster when it is in the context of a word than when it is by itself
Interactive Activation theory can have inhibitory and excitatory connections while Pandemonium…
cannot
Both Pandemonium theory and interactive activation model identify objects based on which…
node has the highest level of activation
Pandemonium
bottom-up
Interactive activation model (top-down or bottom-up)
top-down and bottom-up
