Quiz 4: Therapy and Diseases Flashcards
distressful and dysfunctional behavior patterns, thoughts, and feelings.
Psychological Disorder –
Tend to be classified by the DSM-V – an objective list of traits and patterns that are characteristic of certain disorders.
Describe and list the symptoms for Phobic disorders
PHOBIC DISORDER – DISORDERS CHARACTERIZED BY MARKED, PERSISTENT, AND EXCESSIVE FEAR AND AVOIDANCE OF SPECIFIC OBJECTS, ACTIVITIES, OR SITUATIONS.
SPECIFIC PHOBIA – PERSISTENT, IRRATIONAL FEAR AND AVOIDANCE OF A SPECIFIC OBJECT OR SITUATION.
5 CATEGORIES: ANIMALS; NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS; SITUATIONS; BLOOD, INJECTIONS, AND INJURIES; OTHER.
MORE COMMON IN WOMEN 4:1.
MAY TRANSLATE IN TO SOCIAL PHOBIAS – FEAR OF BEING SCRUTINIZED BY OTHERS.
list the Mood-Disorders
POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION, major depressive disorder, SAD, Dysthemic disorder, bipolar
What are the symptoms of Schizophrenia?
postive symptoms:
Delusions – false beliefs, “delusions of grandeur,” or of persecution.
Hallucinations – auditory, visual, taste or smell disturbed perceptions that are not real.
Disorganized thinking & Speech - Ideas shift rapidly and incoherently.
Disorganized behavior – behavior that is inappropriate for the situation.
Catatonia – lack of physical movement for hours.
Neg symptoms:
Flat affect – lack of facial emotions
What are the subtypes of Scizophrenia?
ADD SCIENCE BEHIND DISORDER LOOK SLIDES
FIVE MAIN SUBTYPES:
PARANOID: PREOCCUPATION WITH DELUSIONS OR HALLUCINATIONS OF PERSECUTION.
DISORGANIZED: DISORGANIZED SPEECH OR BEHAVIOR.
CATATONIC: IMMOBILITY, REPEATING OF ANOTHER’S SPEECH OR MOVEMENTS.
UNDIFFERENTIATED: VARIED SYMPTOMS.
RESIDUAL: SUBSTANTIALLY RECOVERED, BUT WITH SOME LINGERING SYMPTOMS.
Describe and list the symptoms of autism (ASD)
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) – A CONDITION BEGINNING IN EARLY CHILDHOOD IN WHICH A PERSON SHOWS PERSISTENT COMMUNICATION DEFICITS AS WELL AS RESTRICTED AND REPETITIVE BEHAVIORS, INTERESTS, OR ACTIVITIES.
60 OUT OF 10,000 CHILDREN ARE DIAGNOSED.
BOYS ARE 4:1 TO GIRLS.
HERITABILITY RATES OF 90%
RANGES FROM MINIMAL TO SEVERE TRAITS.
IMPAIRED CAPACITY FOR EMPATHIZING, AND A SUPERIOR ABILITY FOR SYSTEMATIZING.
Describe self-harm, and report the average demographics.
SUICIDE – INTENTIONAL SELF-INFLICTED DEATH
2ND LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG PEOPLE 15-24 YEARS OLD.
80% OF SUICIDES OCCUR AMONG MEN.
90% OF SUICIDES OCCUR AMONG WHITE PEOPLE.
SUICIDE ATTEMPT – POTENTIALLY HARMFUL BEHAVIOR WITH SOME INTENTION OF DYING.
5% OF ADULTS HAVE MADE A SUICIDE ATTEMPT (HIGH IN THE U.S.).
MORE LIKELY AMONG WOMEN.
NONSUICIDAL SELF-INJURY (NSSI) – DIRECT, DELIBERATE DESTRUCTION OF BODY TISSUE IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY INTENT TO DIE.
15-20% OF TEENS, 3-6% OF ADULTS
SERVES TO DIMINISH EMOTIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO NEGATIVE EVENTS.
MEANS TO COMMUNICATE DISTRESS.
Compare psychotherapy and biomedical (medicine, surgery) therapy.
BIOMEDICAL THERAPY BLANKETS:
ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT) -ECT IS USED FOR SEVERELY DEPRESSED PATIENTS WHO DO NOT RESPOND TO DRUGS.
TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (TMS)
PHOTOTHERAPY
SOME FORMS OF PSYCHOSURGERY
PSYCHOTHERAPY – AN INTERACTION BETWEEN A THERAPIST AND SOMEONE SUFFERING FROM A PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEM
PSYCHODYNAMIC/PSYCHOANALYSIS, BEHAVIORAL, COGNITIVE, HUMANISTIC, COUPLE & FAMILY, GROUP, ECLECTIC APPROACH
PSYCHOANALYSIS/PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPY – EXPLORES CHILDHOOD EVENTS AND ENCOURAGES INDIVIDUALS TO USE THIS UNDERSTANDING TO DEVELOP INSIGHT INTO THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.
What are two methods of behavioral therapy?
BEHAVIOR THERAPY - THERAPY THAT APPLIES LEARNING PRINCIPLES TO THE CONDITIONING OF BEHAVIORS.
DOES NOT DELVE DEEPLY BELOW THE SURFACE LOOKING FOR INNER CAUSES.
OFTEN PAIRED WITH COGNITIVE THERAPIES (CBT)
EXPOSURE THERAPY - EXPOSE PATIENTS TO THINGS THEY FEAR AND AVOID.
SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION - A TYPE OF EXPOSURE THERAPY THAT ASSOCIATES A PLEASANT, RELAXED STATE WITH GRADUALLY INCREASING ANXIETY-TRIGGERING STIMULI COMMONLY USED TO TREAT PHOBIAS.
AVERSIVE CONDITIONING - ASSOCIATES AN UNPLEASANT STATE WITH AN UNWANTED BEHAVIOR.
What are two methods of cognitive therapy?
COGNITIVE THERAPY – FOCUSES ON TEACHING PEOPLE ADAPTIVE WAYS OF THINKING AND ACTING TO CORRECT DISTORTED BELIEFS ABOUT THE SELF, OTHERS, OR THE WORLD.
COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING – TEACHES CLIENTS TO QUESTION AUTOMATIC BELIEFS, ASSUMPTIONS, AND PREDICTIONS THAT OFTEN LEAD TO NEGATIVE THOUGHTS AND EMOTIONS. REPLACE NEGATIVE THINKING WITH POSITIVE BELIEFS.
MINDFULNESS MEDITATION – TEACHES AN INDIVIDUAL TO BE FULLY PRESENT IN EACH MOVEMENT; TO BE AWARE OF THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS; DETECT SYMPTOMS BEFORE THEY BECOME A PROBLEM.
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY (CBT)- BLENDS COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL THERAPY. AIMS TO ALTER THE WAY PEOPLE ACT (BEHAVIORAL THERAPY) AND ALTER THE WAY THEY THINK (COGNITIVE THERAPY). PROBLEM FOCUSED AND ACTION ORIENTED. STRUCTURED TRANSPARENT FLEXIBLE
What is a major side effect of antipsychotic drugs?
CLASSICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS: (THORAZINE)REMOVE A NUMBER OF POSITIVE SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA SUCH AS AGITATION, DELUSIONS, AND HALLUCINATIONS.
EARLY ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDS WERE EXTREMELY HARSH.
OFTEN PRODUCED TARDIVE DYSKINESIA – INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT OF THE FACE AND LIMBS.
PATIENTS WITH NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS DID NOT RESPOND WELL TO THESE MEDS.
ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS: (CLOZARIL) REMOVES POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA SUCH AS APATHY, JUMBLED THOUGHTS, CONCENTRATION DIFFICULTIES, AND DIFFICULTIES IN INTERACTING WITH OTHERS.
What are SSRI’s and what do they treat?
SSRI’S (SELECTIVE SERONTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS) SLOW REUPTAKE THEREBY INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF SEROTONIN IN THE SYNAPSE.
SSRIS WORK BY ENHANCING THE FUNCTION OF NERVE CELLS IN THE BRAIN THAT REGULATE EMOTION. IF YOU’RE STRUGGLING WITH DEPRESSION, THE AREAS OF YOUR BRAIN THAT REGULATE MOOD AND SEND MESSAGES USING SEROTONIN MIGHT NOT FUNCTION PROPERLY. SSRIS HELP MAKE MORE SEROTONIN AVAILABLE BY BLOCKING THE REUPTAKE PROCESS. THIS ALLOWS SEROTONIN TO BUILD UP BETWEEN NEURONS SO MESSAGES CAN BE SENT CORRECTLY. THEY’RE CALLED “SELECTIVE” SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS BECAUSE THEY SPECIFICALLY TARGET SEROTONIN.
ALSO USED TO TREAT ANXIETY AND EATING DISORDERS.
INCREASE THE AVAILABILITY OF SEROTONIN AND NOREPINEPHRINE.
FULL PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS TAKE ABOUT 4 WEEKS.
DOES NOT CAUSE AN INCREASE IN SUICIDE. MAY LIFT LETHARGY BEFORE DEPRESSED FEELINGS GIVING PEOPLE ENERGY TO ACT ON DEPRESSED FEELINGS.
a disorder characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror.
panic disorder (fear of fear is agarophobia)
disorder characterized by excessive anxiety accompanied by three of more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbances.
GAD
anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
Often thoughts about germs, symmetry, or negative events.
Often behaviors such as hand washing, rituals, and checking on doors/locks.
OCD
