Chapter 3 Brain AP Flashcards
Set of fibers that connect 2 sides of the brain core
corpus callosum
Produces speech and writing; language processing and comprehension
Brocus area
Information is sorted and sent to other areas; integrates info and flag the important stuff
thalamus
post office
*receives infor from allsenses besides smell
Control info and processing center info
ceretral cortex
Name the 4 lobes in control thinking abilities
Occiptal: vision, dreaming, recgonition, damage can cause you to still see but not recognize; see stars
parietal: body sensation; know where stuff is; controls sense of touch
temporal: process language; hearing and advanced visual processing; artists and musicians have high activity here; hearing
frontal: planning of movement; some aspects of memory; futuristic; adjusting to social demands; making plans
area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movement; sends messages out of the body to move things
motor cortex
*controls opp sides ( R control L)
area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations; more sensitive the body region is, the larger this function has dedicated to it
Sensory Cortex
Controls arousal
reticular formation
*when damaged nothing is alerted
Structure that coordinates free muscle movement and balance; what gymnasts use; cats have a big one
cerebellum
It is through this that the messages from the brain travel
spinal cord
regulates basic body functions; helps you awake; damage= coma; controls heart beat and breathing
medulla
Initiates movement; damage= parkinsons disease
midbrain
regulates growth and control of other endocrine glands
pituitary gland
responsible for feeding, fighting (angry), fleeing (fear>run), 4. fetilization (sex)
hypthalamus
sleep and arousal
pons
examines the brain by taking x-ray photographs that can reveal brain damage
Ct scans
depicts brain activity by showing each brain areas consumption of its chemical fuel, the sugar glucos; detects radioactivity; scans hot spots to show which brain areas are most active as the person performs math, looks at images of faces, or daydreams
PET
provide a detailed pictures of brains soft tissue and other body parts; anatomy of brain
MRI
reveals a brain’s functioning as well as its structure
Fmri
What german physician created a theory that states we can find our characteristics in bumps or cavaties around the skull
Franz Gull
*IM cause its the 1st hypo that states that the brain splits up its functions into diff parts
How can cells talk?
they use microelectric shocks and chemicals much like how a battery operates by generating electricity through chemical events
basic building block of the nervous system; send and carrty messages throughout the body at speeds ranging to 2 miles per hour to over 200 miles an hour
neurons
How do neurons communicate?
they release chemical messengers called neurotransmitters that jump across the synaptic gap
4 types of neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine: enables muscle action and increases learning and memory
Dopamine: Influences movement attention and emotion
Serotonin: affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal
Norepinephrine: helps control alertness and arousal
Enables voluntary control of our skeletal muscles.
Somatic nervous system
peripheral
Ex: when the bell rings and your body responds using the somatic system and makes you stand up and leave
controls our glands and the muscles in the organs and allows them to move w/out conscious thought such as the heart beating and digestion
automatic system
division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body mobilizing energy in stressful situations
sympathetic system
division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body conserving its energy
parasympathetic nervous system
responsible for automatic survival functions
brain stem
what are the two parts of the limbic system?
amygdala: influences agression and fear
hypothalamus: linked to emotions and rewards
cells that support nourish and protect neurons
clial cells
are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking
association areas
study the evolution of behavior and the mind
evolutionary psych
What is the best behavioral thig to study?
adoption b/c there are 2 groups for kid genetic and enviormental relatives. adpoted kid still have inherited personality and behave like genetic rents
Evolutionary psychologists use whose principles to understand the roots of behavior and mental processes?
charles darwin
behavioral and biological similarities come from our shared human what?
genome
If you’re paralyzed what’s damaged?
spinal cord
branch of psych concerned with the links between biology and behavior
biological psych
neurons that carry incoming info from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
sensory neurons
neurons that carry outgoing info from the brain and spinal cords to the muscles and glands
motor neurons
neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outbursts
interneurons
the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that recive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
dendrite
the extension of a neuron , ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
axon
layer of fatty tissue segmentally encassing the fibers of many neurons, enables vastly greater trasmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next
myelin sheath
a neural impuse; breif electical charge that travels done an axon
action potential
level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
thereshold
junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.
synapse
chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. when released bu the sending neuron, these travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse
neurotransmitters
a neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron
reuptake
neurotransmitters liked to pain control and to pleasure
endorphins
the body’s speedy electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system
nervous system
the brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
What was affected in the study where the man believed his wifes hat was her head?
association area in occiptal lobe
In a splitbrain patient what is affected?
corpus callosum
Left hemisphere is in charge of what
RH
verbal; speech/writing ability
Right hemisphere is in charge what?
of visual perception and recognition of emotion
