Quiz 3 Thorax and Lungs extras Flashcards
High Pitch
Loud
During inspiration and expiration
Harsh, hollow tubular
around trachea and larynx
Normal breath sound
Bronchial (Tracheal)
moderate pitch
moderate amplitude
during inspiration and expiration
mixed quality
heard over major bronchi where fewer alveoli are located
Normal Breath Sound
Bronchovesicular
Low pitch
soft amplitude
heard during inspiration and expiration
rusting, like the sound of the wind in the trees
heard over the peripheral lung fields where air flows through smaller bronchioles and alveoli
Normal Breath Sound
Vesicular
discontinuous, high pitched, short crackling, popping sounds heard during inspiration that are not cleared by coughing
Crackles- fine
Rales
Loud, low pitched, bubbling and gurgling sounds that start in early inspiration and may be present in expiration; may decrease somewhat by suctioning or coughing
Crackles - course
Rales
fine crackles that do not last and are not pathologic, disappear after first few breaths. Will go away, sacs are collapsed
Atelectatic crackles
Atelectactic rales
Superficial sound that is course and low pitched
sounds like leather being rubbed together, caused when pleurae become inflammed and lose their normal lubricating fluid
Pleural friction rub
High pitched, musical squeaking sounds that sound polymonic
Wheeze
low pitched monophonic single note, musical snoring, moanind sounds: they are heard throughout the cycle
low pitched wheeze
High pitched, monophonic, inspiratory, crowing sound, louder in neck than over chest wall
originates in larynx or trachea, upper airway obstruction from swollen, inflamed tissues or lodged foreign body
Stridor
“99”
normal voice transmission is soft, muffled, and indistinct; can hear sound through stethoscope, but can not distinguish what exactly is being said
Abnormal finding if you can hear “99” clearly
Bronchophony
Goat voice
ee-ee-ee-ee
sounds like eeeee if normal
if sounds like long aaaaa, abnormal
Egophony
whisper one, two, three as you ascultate
normal if faint and almost non audible
if you can hear the whisper, abnormal
abnormal finding indicates solidation
Whispered Pectoriloquy
forced expiration of 6 sec or more occurs with obstructive lung disease
obstructive lung disease
The thorax has an elliptical shape whit and anteroposterior-to-transverse diameter of 1:2 or 5:7
Normal Adult (for comparsion)
Equal anteroposterior-to-transverse diameter and that ribs are horizontal instead of the normal downward slope..Associated with who
a. barrel chest
b. pectus carinatum
c. pectus excavatum
d. normal adult
barrel
A markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages (also called funnel breast). Depresson begins at second intercostal space, becoming depressed most at junction of xiphoid with body of sternum. More noticeable with inspiration
a. barrel chest
b. pectus carninatum
c. pectus excavatum
d. normal adult
Pectus Excavatum
A forward protrusion of the sternum, with ribs sloping back at either side and vertical depression along costochondrqal junctions (pigeon breast). a barrel ches b pectus carninatum c pectus excavatum d normal adult
Pectus Carinatum
An exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback) that causes significant back pain and limited mobility. Severe deformities impair cardiopulmonary function.
kyphosis
Normal adult Respiratory (for comparison)
Rate
Depth
pattern
The ratio of pulse to respiration is fairly constat at
Depth
R–10 to 10 breaths per min
D– 500-800 mL
P– even
Ratio–4:1 Valuses increase w/ exercise, fear, or fever
D–air moving in and out with each respiration
Occur with restrictive disease;: pneumonia, heart failure, and interstitial fibrosis Which Adventitious Lung sound a Late inspiratory crackles b early inspiratory crackles c posturally induced crackles
late inspiratory crackles
occur with obstructive disease: chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema Which adventitious lung sound a late inspiratory crackles b early inspiratory crackles c posturally induced crackles
early inspiratory crackles
Fine crackles that appear with change from sitting to the supine position or with a change from supine to supine with legs elevated Which adventitious lung sound a late inspiratory crackles b early inspiratory crackles c posturally induced crackles
posturally induced crackles
Pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, adn the terminally ill who have a depressed cough reflex Which advetitious lung sound a. wheeze b stridor c, pleural friction d. crackles-coarse
d crackles (coarse rales)
In aging adults, in bedridden persons, or in person just aroused from sleep Which adventitious lung sound a wheeze b stridor c atelectatic crackles d pleural friction rub
c atelectatic crackles (atelectatic rales)
Diffuse airway obstruction from acute asthma or chronic emphysema
Whic Adventitious lung sound
a. wheeze–high-pitched (sibilant)
b. wheeze–low-pitched (sonorous rhonchi)
c atelectatic crackles
d. pleural friction rub
a wheeze–high pitched (sibilant)
bronchitis, single bronchus obstruction from airway tumor Which adventitious lung sound a. wheeze high pitched (sibilant)\ b. wheeze low pitched (sonorous rhonchi) c atelectatic crackles d. pleural friction rub
b. wheeze low pitched (sonorous rhonchi)
Croup and acute epiglottis in children, and foreign inhalation, obstructed airway may be life threatening Which adventitious lung sound a. stridor b crackles c. atelectatatic d. Pleural effusion
a. Stridor
Ateroposterior
normal
Cough. Lag on expansion on affected side. Increased respiratory rate and pulse. Possible cyanosis W/ assess inspect a. atelectasis b. lobar pneumonia c. emphysema d bronchitis
Atelectasis
