Quiz 2 B Flashcards
Lines the upper lids and is clear, with many small blood vessels. It forms a deep recess and then fold back over the eye
Palpebral conjunctiva
Overlays the eyeball, with the light Scalera showing through. At the limbus, it emerges with the cornea.
Bulbar Conjunctiva
Window of the eye; permits entrance of light, which passes through the lens to the retina; well supplied with nerve endings which makes it responsive to pain and touch___
Cornea
Receptive layer of the eye and lightwaves are changed into nerve impulses. Surrounds soft, gelatinous ___ humor
Retina
Vitreous
Tears drain into the____, visible on the upper and lower lids at the inner cantus
Puncta
At the corner of the eye, the angle where the lids meet
Canthus
At the inner canthus, the___is a Small, fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands
Caruncle
The exposed part of the eye that is the transparent protective covering
Conjunctiva
Keeps the conjunctiva and cornea moist and lubricated
Lacrimal apparatus
The lacrimal gland which secretes tears is located in the___ __corner of the eye
Upper outer
Pupil size decreases, lens loses elasticity, and becomes hard and glasslike
Aging
With aging lacrimal gland ___causes decreased tear production and a feeling of dryness and burning
Involutes
____Protein to debris. Spot seen and front eyes; common among clients with myopia or over 40 years of age. Due to___
Floaters after\spots.
Aging
Halos around lights occur with acute
Narrow-angle glaucoma
___Blind spot surrounded by an area of normal or decreased peripheral vision, occurs with glaucoma, and or optic nerve disorders.
Scotoma
The inability to tolerate light (some common eye diseases cause no pain. e.g. Cataract, glaucoma)___
Photophobia
A deviation in the axis of the eye
Strabismus
The perception of two images of a single object
Diplopia
Increased intraocular pressure
Cataract
A shadow or diminished vision and one quadrant or one half of visual field
Acute onset of floaters (shade or cobwebs)
Retinal detachment
The most common and accurate measurement of visual acuity with lines that are arranged and decreasing size
Snellen chart
Aging change: lens loses ability to adjust for vision changes to look closely-decreased ability to read
Presbyopia
Visual function reflects: person looks at far object and then near object and eyes converge in constrict
Accommodation
Clouding of Crystaline lenses or and is envelope. Lens yellows and loses it’s ability to focus. Starts developed by 40
Cataract
Deterioration of central area of retina
macular degeneration
Damage to optic nerve from increased intraocular pressure
Glaucoma
Eyebrows, eyelids and Plashes, eyeballs, conjunctiva and Scalera, lachrymal apparatus, Gen. observation; these are all which type of inspection___
External ocular structures
Cornea, lens, Iris, pupil
C-L-I-P
What type of inspection
Anterior eyeball structures
Size and shape, pupillary light reflex, accommodation are examinations of what structure?
Iris and pupil
Snellen eye chart and Jager test for near vision test for what?
Central vision acuity
Corneal light reflex, cover test, diagnostic position test. These test what?
Extraocular muscle function
Normal visual reflex of pupil when light shines on it, what will happen to the pupil?
Constrict
Test visual fields for gross peripheral vision.
Confrontation test
Refers to redish-orange reflection from the retina when observed from and ophthalmoscope
Read reflex
Should be round two oval with sharp, well-defined borders; normally creamy, yellow-orange to pink and approximately 1.5 mm wide
Optic disc
Darker area, 01 disk diameter and size, located to temporal side of optic disc. Damage can result in loss of central vision
Macula
False appearance of cross eyes
Pseudostrabismus
Turning inward of eye
Esotropia
Turning outward of eye
Exotropia
White or gray, opaque ring and corneal margin (preferable corneal opacity), or white ring in front of for free of iris. DOES NOT MEAN PERSON HAS CATARACT PROBLEMS
Arcus Senilis
Drooping Eye (can affect persons ability to seeing due to the droop)
Ptosis
Puffy eyes or swelling around the eyes; appearance of swelling in tissue around eyes
Periorbital edema
Glands and ducts that served to lubricate the eye
Lacrimal apparatus
Located in the upper outer corner of the orbital cavity just above the eye; produces tears
Lacrimal gland
Dense protective white covering that physically supports internal structure of the Eye
Sclera
Permits entrance a light, which passes through the lens to the retinal
Cornea
Circular disk of muscle containing pigment that determines I color
Iris
Central aperture of the iris; controls the amount of light entering the eye and adjust for near vision and Dilates when far vision is needed
Pupil
Regulates black-and-white vision
Cones
Function and Brightlight; sensitive to color
Cones
Nerve fibers from the nasal quadrant of each retina (from both temporal visual fields) cross over to the opposite side
Optic chiasma
Causes pupils immediately to constrict when exposed to Brightlight; can be seen as direct reflex, in which constriction occurs in eye expose light, or as indirect\consensual reflex, in which exposure to lay in one eye result in constriction of the pupil in the opposite Eye
Pupillary light reflex
Excessive tearing
Epiphora
COLDSPA
Should be asked
Character, onset, location, duration, severity, pattern, associated factor\how it affects client
Pinpoint pupils; characterized by constricted and fixed pupils-. Possibly a result of narcotic drugs or brain-damaged
Miosis
Dilated and fixed pupils; typically resulting from central nervous system injury, circulatory collapse, or anesthesia
Mydriasis
Mydriatic drugs do what
Dilate pupils
Miotic drugs do what
Constricted pupils
Hint: miotiC= Constriction
20/50 What does that represent
20-Distance in feet from the chart (What client sees)
50-What a normal person sees it 50 feet
Convergence of the eyes
Accommodate
What is normal during the accommodation test
Eyes converge as object moves towards that nose
What occurs during the confrontation test
Both client and examiner see examine his finger at the same time
OD
Right Eye
OS
Left Eye
OD 20\40, OS 20\30 what does this indicate
Vision worse in the right eye
What does the diagnostic position test
6 positions
Normal response is parallel tracking of the object
What do blurred margin of the optic disc indicate
Papilledemia or swelling
Assessing parallel alignment of client eyes occurs with what test
Corneal light reflex
This test is performed when there is a crushing injury of the eye
Six cardinal position of gaze test
Hyperemia of the optic disc due to an accumulation of blood
Papilledema
A cover test assesses what
Proper alignment of that
In a consensual I test, what position should alight be focused
Obliquely into one eye while examining the reflex of the other
During and ophthalmic examination light colored spots (exudate) are seen on the retinal background. What is this an indication of
Hypertension or diabetes
With Scotma constant blind spots may indicate what
Possible retinal detachment
A young child appears to have an inward turning of the eye. What does should be performed to determine if this is normal
Corneal light reflex
Staphylococcus eyelid infection
Blepharitis
Stye (infection of lower eyelashes)
Hordeolum
Infection of meibomain gland and lower lid
Chalazion
Part of the eye that covers the pupil and does not have vessels
Cornea
Farsightedness (difficult seeing nearobjects then distant objects)
Hyperopia
Condition where eyes are not properly aligned with each other
Strabismus
Preferred test for external ocular movement
Positions test\diagnostic test
Impaired far vision
Myopia
Protrusion of the eyeballs accompanied by retracted eyelid margins
Exophthalmos
Pupils are normally which size in millimeters
3-5 mm
Nurse is conducting a red reflex test in looking for redish-orange reflection from the eyes retina. The retina does not appear normal, round with regular borders. What is the most likely cause
Cataract
People that see near by objects with clarity while distant objects appear blurred
Myopia
Can be thought of as the film in a camera
Retina
Nurse cannot visualize the clients red reflex via a funduscopic examination. What might this indicate
Cataracts
First question the nurse should ask the patient is
Have you had visions changes
Corneal reflex is mediated by which cranial nerves
V & VII
Normal accommodation test
Constriction and convergence
To assess tear ducts you must
Gently palpate them at the inner canthus
Checking visual acuity of a patient in vision changes due to the length of the globe Of the eye being longer than normal are present so that the images not focus directly on the retina. Condition is called
Myopia
A person with crossed eyes would it have what kind of test performed
Cover test
Inverted lower lid which causes eyelashes to brush up against the conjunctiva and cornea
Entropian
Inverted lower eyelid that result in exposure and drying of the cornea. Interferes with tear drainage
Ectropian
Shows and opaque gray surrounded by black background as it forms the center of the lens nucleus. Looks like a black center against a red reflex
Nuclear cataract-Central gray opacity
Shows as asymmetric, radio, white specs with black Center. Through up Famel scope, black spokes are evident against the red reflex. This forms in outer cortex of lens, progressing faster than the other type
Cortical cataract-star shaped opacity
Two different size pupils
Anisocoria
Older adults have an increased risk of falls and fractures due to ___visual acuity of___ or greater
Distance.
20\25
Cornea may look cloudy with age. This is a gray-white arc or circle around the limbus. Due to deposits of lipid material. No effect and vision
Arcus senilis
____Inflammation of the lachrymal sac. Infection and blockage of sack and duct. Pain, warmth, redness, and swelling occur below the inner ____the nose. Tearing is present. Pressure on sack yields purulent discharge from ___
Dacryocystitis.
Canthus
Puncta
___is the gradual loss of your eyes’ ability to focus actively on nearby objects. It’s a natural, often annoying part of aging that usually becomes noticeable in your early to mid-40s and continues to worsen until around age 65.
Presbyopia
