Quiz 3 Thorax and Lungs A Flashcards
a bony structure with a conical shape, which is narrower at the top
a. sternum
b. spinous process
c. scapula
Thoracic cage
how many pairs of ribs are there?
how many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
12
a musculotendinous septum that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen. A. diaphragm B. apex C. base D. scalenus muscle
A. diaphragm
where are the first 7 ribs attached?
A. to the costal cartilages above them
b. directly to the sternum via their costal cartilages
b. directly to the sternum via their costal cartilages
where are ribs 8, 9, and 10 attached?
A. directly to the sternum via their costal cartilages
b. to the costal cartilages above them
b. to the costal cartilages above them
where are ribs 11 and 12 attached
A. to the costal cartilages above them
B. directly to the sternum via their costal cartilages
c. ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs
c. ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs
are the points at which the ribs join their cartilages.
a. costochondral junctions
b. ribs 11 and 12 are floating ribs
a. costochondral junctions
hollow U-shaped depression just above the sternum, in between the clavicles
a. sternum
b. vertebra promines
c. suprasternal notch
d. sternum
suprasternal notch
the sternum the breast bone has 3 parts
a. intercostal, manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process
b. the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process
c. manubrium, body, clavicle
d. the scalenun, body, xiphoid
b. the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.
the "angle of Louis," this is the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, and it is continuous with the second rib acostal angle. a. manubrium b. vertebra prominens c.spinous processess d.sternal angle
d. sternal angle
the right and left costal margins form an angle where they meet at the xiphoid process.
a. vertebra prominens
b. spinous processess
c. costal angle
d. xiphoid process
.c. costal angle
the most prominent bony spur protruding at the base of the neck; this is the spinous process of C7
a. spinous process
b. vertebra prominens
c. inferior border of the scapula
b. vertebra prominens
knobs on the vertebrae which stack together to form the spinal column.
a vertebra prominens
b spinous process
c sternum
spinous processes
inferior border of the scapula is the
the lower tip is usually at the 7th or 8th rib
bisects the center of each clavicle at a point halfway between the palpated sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints.
midclavicular line
extends through the inferior angle of the scapula when the arms are at the sides of the body.
.scapular line
a line that extends down from the anterior axillary fold where the pectoralis major muscle inserts
anterior axillary
a line continues down from the the posterior axillary fold where the latissimus dorsi muscle inserts the
posterior axillary
a line runs down from the apex of the axilla and lies between and parallel to the other two
midaxillary line
the middle section of the thoracic cavity containing the esophagus, trachea, heart, and great vessels.
mediastinum
contain the lungs and are on either side of the mediastinumpleural
pleural cavities
the highest point of the lungs, is 3 to 4cm above the inner third of the clavicles
apex
the lower border, rests on the diaphragm at about the 6th rib in the midclavicular line
base
Which lung is shorter? r or l lung
why
the right lung because of the underlying liver.
Which lung is narrower? r or l lung
why
the left lung because the heart bulges to the left
How many lobes does the right lung have?How many lobes does the left lung have?
3 lobes
2 Lobes
crosses the 5th rib in the midaxillary line and terminates at the 6th rib in the midclavicular
oblique fissue
divides the right upper and middle lobes; it extends from the 5th rib in the right midaxillary line to the 3 intercostal space or 4 rib at the right sternal border
borderhorizontal fissure
serous membranes that form an envelope between the lungs and the chest wall
.pleurae
lines the outside of the lungs dipping down into the fissures
visceral pleura
lining the inside of the chest wall and diaphragm
parietal pleura
a potential space formed by the pleurae extending about 3cm below the level of the lungs
costodiaphragmatic recess
lies anterior to the esophagus and is 10 to 11cm long in the adult; it begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage in the neck and bifurcates just below the sternal angle into the right and left main bronchi
trachea
space that is filled with air but is not available for gaseous exchange
dead space
a functional respiratory unit that consists of the bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and the alveoli. acinus
acinus
1) supplying oxygen to the body for energy production 2) removing carbon dioxide as a waster product of energy reactions 3) maintaining homeostasis 4) maintaining heat exchange The four functions of the respiratory system
The four functions of the respiratory system
slow, shallow breathing
hypoventilation
rapid, deep breathing; an increase in both rate and depth
hyperventilation
increase of carbon dioxide in the blood
hypercapnia
decrease of oxygen in the blood
hypoxemia
is the physical act of breathing
(inspiration, expiration or respiration)
respiration
air rushes into the lungs as the chest size increases
(inspiration, expiration or respiration)
inspiration
expelled from the lungs as the chest recoils
(inspiration, expiration or respiration)
expiration
the complex lipid substance needed for sustained inflation of the air sacs, is present in adequate amounts
surfactant
the maximum amount of air that a person can expel from the lungs after first filling the lungs to maximum
a. decrease vital capacity
b increased residual volume
a. decrease vital capacity
the amount of air remaining in the lungs even after the most forceful expiration.
a. decreased vital capicity
b. increased residual volume
b. increased residual volume
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
difficulty breathing when supine orthopnea
orthopnea
is awakening from sleep with SOB and needing to be upright to achieve comfort.
paroxysmal noctural dyspnea
night sweats
diaphoresis
occurs when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations
a. increased fremitus
b. rhonchal fremitus
c. decreased fremitus
d. pleural friction
c. decreased fremitus
occurs with compression or consolidation of lung tissue
a. increased fremitus
b. rhonchal fremitus
c. pleural friction fremitus
d. rhonchal fremitus
a. increased fremitus
is palpable with thick bronchial secretions
a. increased fremitus
b. rhonchal fremitus
c. decreased fremitus
d. pleural friction fremitus
b. rhonchal fremitus
is palpable with inflammation of the parietal or visceral pleura causing a decrease in the normal lubricating fluid.
a. increased fremitus
b. pleural friction fremitus
c. decreased fremitus
d. rhonchial fremitus
pleural friction fremitus
a coarse, crackling sensation palpable over the skin surface. a dull b. resonance c. hypersonance d. crepitus
d. crepitus
is the low-pitched, clear, hollow sound that predominates in healthy lung tissue in the adult a. dull b hyperresonance c. resonance d. crepitus
resonance
is a lower-pitched, booming sound found when too much air is present, such as in emphysema or pneumothorax
a. dull
b. hyperresonance
c. resonance
d. dull
b. hyperresonance
soft, muffled thud
a. dull
b. hyperresonance
c. resonance
d. crepitus
soft, muffled thud dull
a percussion to map out the lower lung border
a. increased breath sounds.
b. diaphragmatic excursion
c. adventitious sounds
d. atelectatic crackles
b. diaphragmatic excursion
sounds are louder than they should be
a. atelectatic crackles
b. adventitious sounds
c. . diaphragmatic excursion
d. increased breath sounds
d. increased breath sounds
added sounds that are not normally heard in the lungs
a. atelectatic crackles
b. diaphragmatic excursion
c. adventitious sounds
d. increased breath sounds
c. adventitious sounds
short, popping, crackling sounds that sound like fine crackles but do not last beyond a few breaths a. atelectatic crackles
b. diaphragmatic excursion
c. adventitious sounds
d. increased breath sounds
breathsatelectatic crackles
the number of seconds it takes for the person to exhale from total lung capacity to residual volume.
a. atelectasis
b. crackles
c forced expiratoy air
forced expiratory time
measures lung health in chronic conditions such as asthma spirometer
spirometer
forced vital capacity FVC
a. forced expiratory volume in 1 second FEV1
b. the total volume of air exhaled
b. the total volume of air exhaled
forced expiratory volume in 1 second FEV1
a. the total volume of air exhaled
b. the volume exhaled in the first measured second
b. the volume exhaled in the first measured second
pulse oximeter
a noninvasive method to assess arterial oxygen saturation
a safer, simpler, inexpensive, clinical measure of functional status in aging adults.
6 minute distance 6MD walk
measures the successful transition of extrauterine life
apgar scoring system
