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Health assessment > Quiz 3 Thorax and Lungs B > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Thorax and Lungs B Flashcards

1
Q

stridor

A

is a high pitched inspiratory crowing sound heard without the stethoscope occurring with the upper airway obstruction

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2
Q

kyphosis

A

an outward curvature of the thoracic spine

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3
Q

barrel chest

A

equal anteroposterior-to-transverse diameter and the ribs are horizontal instead of normal downward slope

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4
Q

pectus excavatum

A

a markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages; also called “funnel breast”

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5
Q

pectus carinatum

A

a forward protrusion of the sternum, with ribs sloping back at either side and vertical depressions along costochondral junctions.

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6
Q

scoliosis

A

a lateral s-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine, usually with involved vertebrae rotation.

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7
Q

kyphosis

A

an exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine; humpback

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8
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid, shallow breathing

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9
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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10
Q

cheyne-stokes respiration

A

a cycle in which respirations gradually wax and wane in a regular pattern, increasing in rate and depth and then decreasing.

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11
Q

biot’s respiration

A

similar to cheyne-stokes respiration, except that the pattern is irregular

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12
Q

chronic obstructive breathing

A

normal inspiration and prolonged expiration to overcome increased airway resistance.

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13
Q

increased tactile fremitus

A

occurs with conditions that increase the density of the lung tissue, thereby making a better conducting medium for vibrations

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14
Q

decreased tactile fremitus

A

occurs when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations

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15
Q

bronchophony

A

ask the person to repeat “ninety-nine” while you listen with the stethoscope over the chest wall

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16
Q

bronchophony normal findings

A

normal voice transmission is soft, muffled, and indistinct

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17
Q

bronchophony abnormal findings

A

auscultate a clear “ninety-nine”

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18
Q

egophony

A

the voice of a goat; auscultate the chest while the person phonates a long “ee-ee-ee” sound

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19
Q

egophony normal findings

A

normally you should hear “eeeee” through the stethoscope

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20
Q

egophony abnormal findings

A

sound changes to a bleating long “aaaaa” sound

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21
Q

whispered pectoriloquy

A

ask the person to whisper a phrase like “one-two-three” as you auscultate

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22
Q

whispered pectoriloquy normal findings

A

the normal response is faint, muffled, and almost inaudible

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23
Q

whispered pectoriloquy abnormal findings

A

it sounds as if the person is whispering right into your stethoscope “one-two-three”

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24
Q

Normal lung findings

A

Inspection-relaxed,rate 10-18 breaths per min

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28
Q

Atelectasis (collapse)

A

Condition-collapsed shrunken section of alveoli or an entire lung as a result of airway obstruction, compressions on the lung, and lack of surfactant

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34
Q

lobar pneumonia

A

infection in lung parenchyma leaves alveolar membrane edematous and porous, so red blood cells and white blood cells pass from blood to alveoli. alveoli progressively fill up with bacteria, solid cellular debris, fluid, and blood cells, which replace alveolar air. This decreases surface area of the respiratory membrane, causing hypoxemia

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35
Q

lobar pneumonia inspection

A

increase respiratory rate. guarding lag on expansion on affected side. children- sternal retraction, nasal flaring

36
Q

lobar pneumonia palpation

A

chest expansion decreased on affected side. tactile fremitus increased if bronchus patent, decreased if bronchus obstructed

37
Q

lobar pneumonia percussion

A

dull over area

38
Q

lobar pneumonia auscultation

A

loud with patent bronchus, voice sounds have increased clarity.

39
Q

lobar pneumonia children

A

diminished breath sounds

40
Q

LP adventitious sounds

A

crackles, fine to medium

41
Q

bronchitis

A

proliferation of mucus glands in the passageways resulting in excessive mucus secretion. Inflammation of bronchi with partial obstruction by secretions or constrictions.

42
Q

bronchitis inspection

A

hacking, rasping cough productive of thick mucoid sputum. Chronic- dyspnea, fatigue, cyanosis, clubbing of fingers

43
Q

bronchitis palpation

A

tactile fremitus normal

44
Q

bronchitis percussion

A

resonant

45
Q

bronchitis auscultation

A

normal

46
Q

bronchitis adventitious sounds

A

crackles over deflated areas, may have wheeze

47
Q

emphysema

A

caused by destruction of pulmonary connective tissue;

48
Q

asthma

A

an allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens, irritants, microbes, stress, or exercise that produces a complex response characterized by bronchospasm and inflammation, edema in walls of bronchioles, and secretion of highly viscous mucus into airways

49
Q

pleural effusion (fluid) or thickening

A

collection of excess fluid in the intrapleural space, with compression of overlying lung tissue.

50
Q

heart failure

A

pump failure with increasing pressure of cardiac overload causes pulmonary congestion or an increased amount of blood present in pulmonary capillaries

51
Q

pneumothorax

A

free air in pleural space causes partial or complete lung collapse

52
Q

pneumocystis jirovect pnemonia

A

a protozal infection associated with AIDS.

53
Q

tuberculosis

A

inhalation of tubercle bacilli into the alveoloar wall starts

58
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

undissolved materials originating in legs or pelvis detach and travel through venous system returning blood to right heart and lodge to occlude pulmonary vessels.

59
Q

ARDS-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

an acute pulmonary insult damages alveolar capillary membrane, leading to increased permeability of pulmonary edema.

60
Q

alveoli

A

functional unites of the lung; the thin-walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchanged of co2 and o2

61
Q

angle of louis

A

manubriosternal angle, the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, continuous with the 2nd rib

62
Q

apnea

A

cessation of breathing

63
Q

bronchiole

A

one of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divide

64
Q

bronchovesicular

A

the normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration

65
Q

COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

a functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction

66
Q

cilia

A

millions of hair like cells lining the tracheobronchial tree

67
Q

consolidation

A

the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infections exudate, as in pneumonia

68
Q

crackles

A

rales, abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration

69
Q

crepitus

A

coarse, crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue

70
Q

fissure

A

the narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs

71
Q

fremitus

A

a palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wall

72
Q

friction rub

A

a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed

73
Q

intercostal space

A

space between the ribs

74
Q

kussmaul respiration

A

a type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis

75
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal fluid between the layers of pleura

76
Q

percussion

A

striking over the chest wall with short, sharp blows of the fingers to determine the size and density of the underlying organ

77
Q

rhonchi

A

low pitched, musical, snoring, adventitious lung sound caused by airflow obstruction from secretions

78
Q

vesicular

A

the soft, low-pitched, normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields

79
Q

wheeze

A

high pitched, musical, squeaking lung sound

Health assessment (21 decks)

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