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Health assessment > Quiz 3 Thorax and Lungs B > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Thorax and Lungs B Flashcards

1
Q

stridor

A

is a high pitched inspiratory crowing sound heard without the stethoscope occurring with the upper airway obstruction

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2
Q

kyphosis

A

an outward curvature of the thoracic spine

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3
Q

barrel chest

A

equal anteroposterior-to-transverse diameter and the ribs are horizontal instead of normal downward slope

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4
Q

pectus excavatum

A

a markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages; also called “funnel breast”

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5
Q

pectus carinatum

A

a forward protrusion of the sternum, with ribs sloping back at either side and vertical depressions along costochondral junctions.

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6
Q

scoliosis

A

a lateral s-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine, usually with involved vertebrae rotation.

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7
Q

kyphosis

A

an exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine; humpback

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8
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid, shallow breathing

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9
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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10
Q

cheyne-stokes respiration

A

a cycle in which respirations gradually wax and wane in a regular pattern, increasing in rate and depth and then decreasing.

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11
Q

biot’s respiration

A

similar to cheyne-stokes respiration, except that the pattern is irregular

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12
Q

chronic obstructive breathing

A

normal inspiration and prolonged expiration to overcome increased airway resistance.

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13
Q

increased tactile fremitus

A

occurs with conditions that increase the density of the lung tissue, thereby making a better conducting medium for vibrations

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14
Q

decreased tactile fremitus

A

occurs when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations

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15
Q

bronchophony

A

ask the person to repeat “ninety-nine” while you listen with the stethoscope over the chest wall

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16
Q

bronchophony normal findings

A

normal voice transmission is soft, muffled, and indistinct

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17
Q

bronchophony abnormal findings

A

auscultate a clear “ninety-nine”

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18
Q

egophony

A

the voice of a goat; auscultate the chest while the person phonates a long “ee-ee-ee” sound

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19
Q

egophony normal findings

A

normally you should hear “eeeee” through the stethoscope

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20
Q

egophony abnormal findings

A

sound changes to a bleating long “aaaaa” sound

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21
Q

whispered pectoriloquy

A

ask the person to whisper a phrase like “one-two-three” as you auscultate

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22
Q

whispered pectoriloquy normal findings

A

the normal response is faint, muffled, and almost inaudible

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23
Q

whispered pectoriloquy abnormal findings

A

it sounds as if the person is whispering right into your stethoscope “one-two-three”

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24
Q

Normal lung findings

A

Inspection-relaxed,rate 10-18 breaths per min

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28
Atelectasis (collapse)
Condition-collapsed shrunken section of alveoli or an entire lung as a result of airway obstruction, compressions on the lung, and lack of surfactant
34
lobar pneumonia
infection in lung parenchyma leaves alveolar membrane edematous and porous, so red blood cells and white blood cells pass from blood to alveoli. alveoli progressively fill up with bacteria, solid cellular debris, fluid, and blood cells, which replace alveolar air. This decreases surface area of the respiratory membrane, causing hypoxemia
35
lobar pneumonia inspection
increase respiratory rate. guarding lag on expansion on affected side. children- sternal retraction, nasal flaring
36
lobar pneumonia palpation
chest expansion decreased on affected side. tactile fremitus increased if bronchus patent, decreased if bronchus obstructed
37
lobar pneumonia percussion
dull over area
38
lobar pneumonia auscultation
loud with patent bronchus, voice sounds have increased clarity.
39
lobar pneumonia children
diminished breath sounds
40
LP adventitious sounds
crackles, fine to medium
41
bronchitis
proliferation of mucus glands in the passageways resulting in excessive mucus secretion. Inflammation of bronchi with partial obstruction by secretions or constrictions.
42
bronchitis inspection
hacking, rasping cough productive of thick mucoid sputum. Chronic- dyspnea, fatigue, cyanosis, clubbing of fingers
43
bronchitis palpation
tactile fremitus normal
44
bronchitis percussion
resonant
45
bronchitis auscultation
normal
46
bronchitis adventitious sounds
crackles over deflated areas, may have wheeze
47
emphysema
caused by destruction of pulmonary connective tissue;
48
asthma
an allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens, irritants, microbes, stress, or exercise that produces a complex response characterized by bronchospasm and inflammation, edema in walls of bronchioles, and secretion of highly viscous mucus into airways
49
pleural effusion (fluid) or thickening
collection of excess fluid in the intrapleural space, with compression of overlying lung tissue.
50
heart failure
pump failure with increasing pressure of cardiac overload causes pulmonary congestion or an increased amount of blood present in pulmonary capillaries
51
pneumothorax
free air in pleural space causes partial or complete lung collapse
52
pneumocystis jirovect pnemonia
a protozal infection associated with AIDS.
53
tuberculosis
inhalation of tubercle bacilli into the alveoloar wall starts
58
pulmonary embolism
undissolved materials originating in legs or pelvis detach and travel through venous system returning blood to right heart and lodge to occlude pulmonary vessels.
59
ARDS-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
an acute pulmonary insult damages alveolar capillary membrane, leading to increased permeability of pulmonary edema.
60
alveoli
functional unites of the lung; the thin-walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchanged of co2 and o2
61
angle of louis
manubriosternal angle, the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, continuous with the 2nd rib
62
apnea
cessation of breathing
63
bronchiole
one of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divide
64
bronchovesicular
the normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration
65
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
a functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction
66
cilia
millions of hair like cells lining the tracheobronchial tree
67
consolidation
the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infections exudate, as in pneumonia
68
crackles
rales, abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration
69
crepitus
coarse, crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue
70
fissure
the narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs
71
fremitus
a palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wall
72
friction rub
a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed
73
intercostal space
space between the ribs
74
kussmaul respiration
a type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis
75
pleural effusion
abnormal fluid between the layers of pleura
76
percussion
striking over the chest wall with short, sharp blows of the fingers to determine the size and density of the underlying organ
77
rhonchi
low pitched, musical, snoring, adventitious lung sound caused by airflow obstruction from secretions
78
vesicular
the soft, low-pitched, normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields
79
wheeze
high pitched, musical, squeaking lung sound

Health assessment (21 decks)

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