Quiz 3- Lec 15-16

Question 1

list the medial thigh muscles

Answer 1

• pectineus
• adductor brevis
• a. longus
• a. magnus
• gracilis
• obturator externus

Question 2

where does the saphenous nerve leave the adductor canal?

Answer 2

between sartorius and gracilis;

just above the knee on the medial side

Question 3

contents of the adductor canal

Answer 3

saphenous nerve

femoral artery

femoral vein

Question 4

pectineus:

origin/ insertion

Answer 4

o: superior pubic ramus & pectin pubis
i: prox. 1/2 of pectineal line of the femur
* crosses hip; “pecten” means tooth of comb*

Question 5

pectineus:

action/ innervation

Answer 5

• act: hip flexion and weak hip adduction
• inn: femoral nerve or obturator nerve (or both)

Question 6

adductor brevis:

origin, insertion

Answer 6

o: body and anterior/ventral surface of inferior pubic ramus
ins: distal part of pectineal line of femur & prox. 1/3 of medial lip of linea aspera
* crosses hip*

Question 7

adductor brevis:

action, innervation

Answer 7

act: ADDUCTion of hip, and flexion
inn: obturator nerve (anterior, posterior divisons, or both)

Question 8

adductor longus:

origin, insertion

Answer 8

o: ventral surface of body of pubic, adjacent to pubic tubercle
ins: middle 1/3 of medial lip of linea aspera

Question 9

adductor longus:

action, innervation

Answer 9

act: ADDUCTION of hip, flexion of hip joint
inn: anterior branch of obturator nerve

Question 10

gracilis

origin, insertion

Answer 10

o: ventral surface of body of pubis & inferior pubic ramus
ins: tibia (pes anserinus) - posterior to sartorius & superior to semitendinosus

Question 11

gracilis:

action, innervation

Answer 11

act: ADDUCTS hip, flexes the knee, medially rotates the leg while knee is flexed
inn: anterior division of obturator nerve

Question 12

adductor magnus:

origin, insertion

Answer 12

• o:
  
  • hamstring part: inferolateral part of ischial tuberosity
  • adductor part: ventral surface of ischiopubic ramus
• ins:
  
  • gluteal tuberosity & proximal ¼ of medial lip of linea aspera (minimus part of magnus) &
  • distal ¾ of medial lip of linea aspera (adductor part) adductor tubercle via tendon &
  • part of medial supracondylar ridge(hamstring part)

Question 13

adductor magnus:

action, innervation

Answer 13

• act: ADDUCTION of hip, flexion of hip, (adductor part)
  
  • extension of hip w/ hamstrings (hamstring part)
• inn:
  
  • hamstring: tibial nerve
  • adductor part: posterior branch of obturator nerve

Question 14

CC: groin pull

Answer 14

an injury to the muscle tendon unit that produces pain on palpation of the adductor tendons or its insertion on the pubic bone with or without pain during resisted adduction

Question 15

CC: riders’ bones

Answer 15

localized ossification sometimes seen on the inner aspect of the lower end of the tendon of the adductor muscle of the thigh in horseback riders.

Question 16

which adductor group muscles are found in the:

anterior layer

Answer 16

1. pectineus
2. adductor longus

Question 17

which adductor group muscles are found in:

middle layer

Answer 17

• adductor brevis
• gracilis

Question 18

which adductor group muscles are found in:

posterior layer

Answer 18

adductor magnus

Question 19

which adductor muscles are found in the

anterior, middle, and posterior layers

Answer 19

• ANTERIOR
  
  • a. Longus
  • Pectineus
• MIDDLE
  
  • a. Brevis
  • Gracilis
• POSTERIOR
  
  • a. Magnus

Question 20

cc: which of the adductor muscles can be transplanted?

Answer 20

gracilis (part of all w/ neurovascular supply) can be transplanted to replace hand muscles &

to replace external anal sphincter muscle (free up distal attachment)

Question 21

which part of the adductor magnus is the “hamstring part”?

Answer 21

the ischiocondylar part

Question 22

identify the anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator nerve

Answer 22

1. anterior division
2. posterior division

Question 23

course of the internal iliac artery leaving pelvis

Answer 23

leaves pelvis through obturator canal;

terminates by dividing to anterior and posterior branches

Question 24

anterior branch of internal iliac artery supplies:

Answer 24

medial thigh muscles (adductor group)

Question 25

**posterior branch of internal iliac artery** supplies:

Answer 25

* adductor magnus, hamstrings, acetabulum, including a small branch to the head of femur

Question 26

which artery assists the **deep femoral artery** in supplying the **medial thigh muscles?**

Answer 26

the **obturator artery**

Question 27

what is the major artery supplying blood to the muscles of the thigh?

Answer 27

deep femoral artery

Question 28

which muscles are in the **posterior compartment** of the thigh?

Answer 28

* biceps femoris * semitendinosus * semimebranosus

Question 29

another name for the posterior compartment muscles? why?

Answer 29

hamstrings; these are long skinny muscles; fuse w/ gluteus maximus

Question 30

which 2 hamstring muscles have a common origin?

Answer 30

biceps femoris & semitendinosus

Question 31

semitendinosus: origin/insertion

Answer 31

o: superomedial part of **ischial tuberosity** w/origin of long head of **biceps femoris** ins: pes anserinus * crosses hip and knee*

Question 32

semitendinosus: action, innervation

Answer 32

act: extends hip and flexes knee; can medially rotate thigh and flexed leg inn: tibial nerve

Question 33

semimembranosus (SM): origin, insertion

Answer 33

* o: as flat tendon from superolateral part of ischial tuberosity (also from sacrotuberous ligament & ischial attachment of adductor magnus) * ins: widespread, incl: * groove on medial condyle of tibia (posteriorly) * medial border of tibia * fascia covering politeus * knee joint capsule as oblique popliteal ligament

Question 34

semimembranosus: act, inn

Answer 34

action: extends hip, flexes leg, medially rotates thigh and flexed leg inn: tibial nerve

Question 35

biceps femoris: which head of muscle crosses both hip and knee?

Answer 35

long head crosses both hip and knee; short head ONLY crosses knee

Question 36

biceps femoris: origin, insertion

Answer 36

* origin * long head: superomedial part of ischial tuberosity w/ semitendinosus & sacrotuberous ligament * short head: lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge, & lateral intermuscular septum * insert * 3 laminae/ layers of insertion: * **\*superficial laminae: head of fibula** * *deep & intermediate laminae are not important*

Question 37

biceps femoris: action, innervation

Answer 37

* act: long head - extends & laterally rotates hip * both heads - flex knee and laterally rotate flexed knee * inn: * long head - tibial nerve * short head - common fibular nerve

Question 38

lumbosacral trunk: assoc. rami

Answer 38

L4/L5

Question 39

what contributes to SCIATIC NERVE?

Answer 39

**Common tibial/peroneal nerve** (dorsal/posterior division) & **Tibial** (ventral anterior division) w/in same sheath

Question 40

which division innervates the **posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh**?

Answer 40

both posterior and anterior division innervation

Question 41

which ventral rami are involved in ## Footnote **Sacral Plexus**

Answer 41

L4- S4

Question 42

nerves of the sacral plexus: list

Answer 42

1. superior gluteal 2. inferior gluteal 3. sciatic * common peroneal * tibial nerve 4. posterior femoral cutaneous 5. pudendal

Question 43

mnemonic for sacral plexus

Answer 43

**Sacral innervation could totally prove preposterous** * S: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) * I: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) * C: common fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1, S2) -- *sciatic* * T: tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3) -- *sciatic* * P: posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1, S2, S3) * P: pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)

Question 44

which 2 nerves travel in same sheath to make sciatic nerve?

Answer 44

* C: common fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1, S2) * T: tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)

Question 45

superior gluteal nerve ventral rami

Answer 45

S: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 46

inferior gluteal nerve ventral rami

Answer 46

I: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 47

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve ventral rami

Answer 47

P: posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1, S2, S3)

Question 48

pudendal nerve ventral rami

Answer 48

P: pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)

Question 49

posterior compartment muscle and its innervation

Answer 49

1. semitendinosus - TIBIAL 2. semimembranosus - TIBIAL 3. biceps femoris - * long head - TIBIAL * short head - COMMON FIBULAR

Question 50

which nerves innervate the skin of the posterior thigh?

Answer 50

1. \*POSTERIOR FEMORAL CUTANEOUS 2. lateral femoral cutaneous 3. medial femoral cutaneous 4. obturator nerve

Question 51

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve: ventral rami and fibers

Answer 51

* ventral rami of S1-S3 * dorsal division fibers from S2 * ventral division fibers from S2

Question 52

major arteries supplying the thigh?

Answer 52

1. deep femoral artery 2. obturator artery 3. femoral artery 4. lateral circumflex femoral artery 5. medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 53

relationship between **deep femoral artery** and **adductor longus / brevis/ magnus?**

Answer 53

deep femoral artery runs **DEEP to the adductor longus** muscle, and **SUPERFICIAL to adductor brevis and magnus**

Question 54

Relationship of deep femoral artery and perforating arteries to femur and adductor magnus

Answer 54

* the external iliac artery --\> becomes the femoral artery when it **crosses under the inguinal ligament** and enters the femoral triangle. * **Lateral femoral circumflex artery** – Wraps round the anterior, lateral side of the femur, supplying _some of the muscles on the lateral aspect_ of the thigh. * **Medial femoral circumflex artery** – Wraps round the posterior side of the femur, _supplying its neck and head_. * **perforating arteries (3-4 arteries):** that perforate the adductor magnus, contributing to the supply of the muscles in the medial and posterior thigh

Question 55

perforating branches of deep femoral artery: general characteristics

Answer 55

* 4 in number * all have descending & ascending branches that communicate * supply: adductors, hamstrings, vastus lateralis, and gluteus maximus

Question 56

2nd perforating branch of deep femoral artery: function

Answer 56

provides nutrient artery to the femur

Question 57

4th perforating branch of deep femoral artery: function

Answer 57

communicates with muscular branches of popliteal artery, providing **important collateral pathway** between thigh & leg (in femoral artery occlusion)