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2b_Y1 - LEA-Exam 1 > Quiz 2- Lec 13-14 > Flashcards

Quiz 2- Lec 13-14 Flashcards

1
Q

primary function of ANTERIOR DIVISION/PART of Femoral nerve?

A

primarily CUTANEOUS

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2
Q

primary function of POSTERIOR DIVISION/PART of Femoral nerve?

A

primarily muscular

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3
Q

branches of ANTERIOR division/part of Femoral nerve?

A
  • intermediate femoral cutaneous = to skin of anterior thigh
  • medial femoral cutaneous = to skin of anterior thigh
  • muscular branch to Sartorious (often arises w/ internal femoral cutaneous nerve)
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4
Q

branches of POSTERIOR division/part of Femoral nerve?

A

incl. muscular branches to anterior thigh muscles:

  • Rectus femoris
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus intermedius & articularis genus

& cutaneous branches to leg/foot & infrapatellar branch (saphenous nerve)

articular branches to hip and knee joints (just below the patella)

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5
Q

cutaneous branches of FEMORAL NERVE and LATERAL CUTANEOUS nerve of thigh

A
  1. lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  2. intermediate femoral cutaneous nerves
  3. medial femoral cutaneous nerves
  4. infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve
  5. saphenous nerve
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6
Q

muscular branches of FEMORAL nerve

A
  • articular branch to hip joint
  • articular branches to the knee and hip joint arise from the branches to the quadriceps femoris group
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7
Q

obturator nerve is from

(ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR) division fibers

A

anterior/ventral division fibers

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8
Q

where does the OBTURATOR NERVE divide into the Anterior and Posterior parts?

A

w/in the obturator canal

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9
Q

name the components of the anterior division/part of OBTURATOR nerve:

A
  • articular branch to hip joint
  • cutaneous branch to skin on lower, medial side of thigh
  • muscular branches to:
    • adductor brevis (*usually)
    • adductor longus
    • gracillis
    • pectinius (occasionally)
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10
Q

name the components of the posterior division/part of OBTURATOR nerve:

A
  • articular branch to knee joint
  • muscular branches to:
    • adductor brevis (occasionally)
    • adductor magnus
    • obturator externus (or branch from obturator nerve trunk)
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11
Q

where is the obturator nerve found?

(compartment)

A

medial side/compartment

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12
Q

name the following structures (1-6)

A
  1. saphenous hiatus (opening)
  2. fasica lata
  3. lateral accessory saphenous vein
  4. femoral vein
  5. accessory saphenous vein
  6. great saphenous vein
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13
Q

name the following structures:

A
  1. PROXIMAL superficial inguinal nodes
  2. DISTAL superficial inguinal nodes
  3. saphenous hiatus
  4. great saphenous vein
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14
Q

mnemonic for contents of FEMORAL SHEATH

A

NAVEL

(femoral) Nerve, Artery, Vein, canal Empty space, Lacunar ligament

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15
Q

what are the 4 osteofascial compartments of the thigh?

A
  • gluteal region
  • anterior compartment
  • medial compartment
  • posterior compartment
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16
Q

what layers form the osteofascial compartments of the thigh?

A
  • fasica lata
  • intermuscular septa
    • lateral intermuscular septa
    • medial intermuscular septa
    • posterior intermuscular septa (disputed)
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17
Q

fascia lata: define

A

deep fascia of the thigh

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18
Q

intermuscular septa: define

A

sheets of connective tissue that extend from the femur to the fascia lata

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19
Q

what are the 3 septa of the thigh?

A
  1. medial intermuscular septum
  2. lateral intermuscular septum
  3. posterior intermuscular septum
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20
Q

medial intermuscular septum:

stretches from…

A

from: FASCIA LATA

to:

  • spiral line
  • medial lip of linea aspera
  • medial supracondylar ridge
  • adductor tubercle
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21
Q

lateral intermuscular septum:

stretches from…

A
  • from: IT tract
  • to:
    • gluteal tuberosity
    • lateral lip of linea aspera
    • lateral supracondylar ridge
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22
Q

posterior intermuscular septum:

stretches from…

A
  • from: probably epimysium (fibrous tissue surrounding a muscle) of adductor magnus separating it from hamstrings
  • SEPARATES MEDIAL FROM LATERAL COMPARTMENT
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23
Q

in which comparment is the following found?

femoral nerve

A

anterior compartment

(dorsal division of ventral rami)

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24
Q

in which comparment is the following found?

obturator nerve

A

medial compartment

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25
Q

in which comparment is the following found?

tibial nerve

A

posterior compartment

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26
Q

anterior compartment: contents

A
  • VL: vastus lateralis
  • VI: vastus intermedius
  • VM: vastus medialis
  • RF: rectus femoris
  • Femur
  • Adductor canal
    • saphenous nerve
    • femoral artery
    • femoral vein
  • Sartorius
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27
Q

adductor canal: contents

A
  1. saphenous nerve
  2. femoral artery
  3. femoral vein
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28
Q

posterior compartment: contents

A
  • BF: biceps femoris muscle (short head & long head)
  • ST: semitendinous muscle
  • SM: semimembranosus muscle
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29
Q

medial compartment: contents

A
  • Longus (adductor)
  • Gracilis
  • Magnus (adductor)
  • Obturator nerve
  • Brevis (adductor)
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30
Q

lateral intermuscular septum: function

A

separates anterior from posterior

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31
Q

medial intermuscular septum: funciton

A

separates anterior from medial compartments

32
Q

posterior intermuscular septum: function

A

separates posterior and medial compartments

33
Q

anterior compartment: generalizations

A
  • femoral nerve
  • quads (knee extensors) and rectus femoris assists in hip flexion
  • femoral and deep femoral arteries and veins
34
Q

medial compartment: generalizations

A
  • obturator nerve
  • adductors which are adductors (flexors) of hip
  • deep femoral & obturator arteries and nerves
35
Q

posterior compartment: generalization

A
  • tibial part of sciatic nerve
  • hamstrings which are knee flexors (some hip extension)
  • perforating branches of deep femoral artery and vein
36
Q

overview: anterior compartment muscles (5)

A
  1. Vastus lateralis
  2. Vastus intermedius
  3. Vastus medialis
  4. Rectus femoris
  5. Sartorius
37
Q

what various muscles make the “Quads”, or quadriceps femoris?

A
  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus lateralis
  3. v. intermedius
  4. v. medialis
38
Q

is Sartorius considered a quadricep muscle?

A

no. It crosses obliquely across the anterior compartment of the thigh

39
Q

sartorius: origin and insertion

A

crosses hip and knee; sartor = “tailor”

  • o: ASIS & from interspinous fossa
  • i: pes anserinus (“goose’s foot - anterior to gracilis and semitendinosus)
40
Q

sartorius: action

A
  • hip flexion
  • lateral rotation
  • ABduction
  • knee flexion
  • medial rotation of leg w/ knee flexed
41
Q

sartorius: innervation

A

femoral nerve (anterior division)

42
Q

rectus femoris: origin and insertion

A

rectus = “straight”; crosses at hip and knee

  • o: straight head from AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)
    • reflected head from supra-acetabular sulcus
  • i: aponeurotic insertion into base of patella (flat tendon)
43
Q

rectus femoris: action

A

knee extension & hip flexion (can do simultaneously)

44
Q

quadriceps femoris muslces: innervation

A

all quadriceps femoris muslces are innervated by FEMORAL NERVE (posterior division)

45
Q

quadriceps femoris versus sartorious innervation

A

quadriceps femoris: femoral nerve (posterior division/part)

sartorius: femoral nerve (anterior divison/part)

46
Q

vastus lateralis: origin and insertion

A

vastus = huge; crosses knee

  • o: upper part of trochanteric line; anterior/inferior borders of greater trochanter; lateral edge of gluteal tuberosity; proximal part of lateral lip of linea aspera
  • i: base & lateral border of patella; patellar ligament and lateral patellar retinaculum
47
Q

vastus lateralis: action

A

knee extension

48
Q

vastus medialis: origin and insertion

A

crosses knee

  • o: lower part of intertrochanteric line, spiral line, upper part of medial supracondylar ridge, medial lip of linea aspera (medial intermuscular septum & from tendons of adductor longus and magnuns)
  • ins: medial border of patella (& base; patellar ligament & medial patellar retinaculum)
49
Q

vastus medialis: action

A

knee extension & resists/prevents lateral patellar tracking (VMO)

50
Q

vastus intermedius: origin and insertion

A

crosses knee

  • o: proximal 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; distal 1/2 of lateral lip of linea aspera; distal 1/2 of lateral intermuscular septum
  • ins: base of patella via aponeurosis (joins VM and VL)
51
Q

vastus intermedius: action

A

knee extension

52
Q

patellar ligament (ligamentum patellae):

formation & location

A
  • formed by tendons of quadricept femoris muscle group
  • extends from patella to the distal 1/2 of tibial tuberosity
53
Q

articularis genu: origin and insertion

A
  • o: femur (distal anterior surface)
  • ins: suprapatellar bursa (upper part)
54
Q

articularis genu: action

A

stabilizes bursa

55
Q

articularis genu: innervation

A

twig from femoral nerve branch to vastus intermedius

56
Q

Review muscle origins and insertions

A
  1. sartorius
  2. rectus femoris
  3. v. lateralis
  4. v. intermedius
  5. articularis genu
  6. v. medialis
  7. v lateralis
  8. v intermedius
57
Q

femoral triangle: boundaries

A
  • base: inguinal ligament
  • floor: pectineus & iliopsoas muscles
  • lateral border: sartorius
  • medial border: adductor longus
  • roof: fascial lata, subcutaneous tissue, and skin
58
Q

femoral triangle: contents

A

Fem NAV, contained in femoral sheath

  • femoral Nerve
  • femoral Artery
  • femoral Vein
  • great saphenous vein –> drains into femoral vein
59
Q

femoral triangle: clinical relevance

A
  • femoral artery pulse (palpate ASIS and pubic tuberle; femoral triangle is between there)
  • IV line
  • catheterization
  • femoral hernias
60
Q

remember: NAVEL mnemonic?

what is it, and where is it?

A

contents of femoral sheath!

  1. femoral Nerve
  2. femoral Artery
  3. femoral Vein
  4. Empty space
  5. Lacunar ligament
61
Q

adductor canal: other names?

A

Hunter’s canal

Subsartorial canal

62
Q

adductor canal: borders

A
  • roof - sartorius
  • anterolateral - vastus medialis
  • posterior - adductor longus, and adductor magnus
63
Q

adductor canal: contents

A
  • femoral artery & vein
  • saphenous nerve
  • nerve to vastus medial
64
Q

CC: trauma to adductor canal

A

could damage 2 major structures!

(femoral artery/vein and saphenous nerve)

65
Q

where is femoral artery located w/in adductor canal?

A

located anterior to vein at proximal end of adductor canal

66
Q

where does adductor canal end inferiorly?

A

inferiorly at the adductor hiatus

67
Q

what does the femoral artery/vein become named after it passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

popliteal vessels

(artery and vein)

68
Q

iliotibial tract (band): what is it? where located?

A

Thickening of the fascia lata along the lateral side of the thigh

69
Q

iliotibial tract (band): attachments

A
  • proximal: iliac crest
  • distal: lateral tibial condyle, femur, head of fibula & the aponeurosis of vastus lateralis
  • lateral: along much of length, attached to lateral intermuscular septum
70
Q

which muscles insert into the iliotibial tract (band)?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • tensor fasciae latae, and it’s superficial fibers act as aponeurosis (long flat tendons of insertion)
71
Q

iliotibial tract (band): action

A

contributes to stability of both hip and knee (thru deep fibers)

72
Q

where does the fasciate lata become thicker?

A

around the ILIOTIBIAL TRACT is where the fascia lata thickens

73
Q

Gerdy’s tubercle:

other name, clinical significance

A
  • eponymous name for the lateral condyle of the proximal tibia (where it is located anterolaterally)
  • site of insertion for: iliotibial band and anterior tibialis muscle
74
Q

oblique line of the tibia

A

aka “soleal line”

prominent ridge on posterior upper surface of tibia; extends obliquely downward from back part of the articular facet for the fibula to the medial border, at junction of it’s upper and middle 1/3s

  • *lower limit of insertion of popliteus muscle, &
  • site of origin for soleus, flexor digitorum longus, & tibialis posterior muscles
75
Q

CC: iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)

A
  • one of the leading causes of lateral knee pain in runners
  • inflammation of IT band as it crosses the lateral femoral epicondyle
  • caused by repetitve flexion/extension of knee
  • *more common in females than males
  • common in runners/cyclists
76
Q

in what position is the IT band posterior to femoral condyle?

A

at 30º of flexion

2b_Y1 - LEA-Exam 1 (9 decks)

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